Question

India is a federal country. Explain in detail the division of powers between Central & State governments in India.

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Answer 1

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1. India is a federal country.
2. The power between Central & State governments in India is shared in the following way :-

• The constitution of India provides for a federal system of government. Due to this there is a division of legislative and administrative power between the central and state governments. It divides all the subjects and matters into 3 lists :-

→ Union list, State list and Concurrent list.

• The Union list (97 subjects) describes the subjects under the control of the Central government like defense, international trade, foreign policy, etc.
• The State list (66 subjects) enumerates the subjects on which each State can legislate and such laws operate within the territory of that State like public order, public health, local government, police, etc. However, sometimes the Parliament can legislate even on subjects included in State list under circumstances like emergency.
• Along with the State Legislative Assemblies, the Parliament can make laws on the 47 subjects of the Concurrent list. If there is a conflict between the Central and the State legislature, the Union law will prevail.
• The Union parliament or Central possesses some residuary powers which means that it can make laws on all those matters which are not mentioned in any of the three lists-Union, State or the Concurrent.

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