India is fast emerging as a major hub of cyber crime. It seems to be the worst affected nation online, with over three quarters of indian web surfers having fallen victim to cyber crimes, including computer viruses, online credit card fraud and identity theft. Write an article in 150-200 words on the topic 'India Emerging as Major Centre Cyber Crime'.
Answers
Answer:Cybercrime, or computer-oriented crime, is a crime that involves a computer and a network.[1] The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target.[2] Cybercrimes can be defined as: "Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm, or loss, to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern telecommunication networks such as Internet (networks including chat rooms, emails, notice boards and groups) and mobile phones (Bluetooth/SMS/MMS)".[3] Cybercrime may threaten a person or a nation's security and financial health.[4] Issues surrounding these types of crimes have become high-profile, particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright infringement, unwarranted mass-surveillance, sextortion, child pornography, and child grooming.[3]
There are also problems of privacy when confidential information is intercepted or disclosed, lawfully or otherwise. Debarati Halder and K. Jaishankar further define cybercrime from the perspective of gender and defined 'cybercrime against women' as "Crimes targeted against women with a motive to intentionally harm the victim psychologically and physically, using modern telecommunication networks such as internet and mobile phones".[3] Internationally, both governmental and non-state actors engage in cybercrimes, including espionage, financial theft, and other cross-border crimes. Cybercrimes crossing international borders and involving the actions of at least one nation-state is sometimes referred to as cyberwarfare.
A report (sponsored by McAfee), published in 2014, estimated that the annual damage to the global economy was $445 billion.[5] Approximately $1.5 billion was lost in 2012 to online credit and debit card fraud in the US.[6] In 2018, a study by Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), in partnership with McAfee, concludes that close to $600 billion, nearly one percent of global GDP, is lost to cybercrime each year.[7]
Explanation:
Answer:India is fast emerging as a major hub of cybercrime as recession is driving computer-literate criminals to electronic scams, claimed a study by researchers at the University of Brighton.
Titled 'Crime Online: Cybercrime and Illegal Innovation', the study states that cybercrime in India, China, Russia and Brazil is a cause of "particular concern" and that there has been a "leap in cybercrime" in India in recent years, partly fuelled by the large number of call centres.
"Russia, China and Brazil are world leaders in cybercrime, with groups and individuals in India powering up to compete. Yet companies in Europe and the US are increasingly moving IT functions and software development tasks to India, Brazil, Russia and Eastern Europe in a bid to draw on their good IT skills and lower wages", says Professor Howard Rush who lead the study.
Although cybercriminal activity remained low in India compared with other emerging economies, the report says that "there has been a leap in cybercrime in recent years". Reported cases of cases of spam, hacking and fraud have multiplied 50-fold from 2004 to 2007, it claims.
"One recent report ranked India in 2008 as the fourteenth country in the world hosting phishing websites. Additionally, the booming of call centres in India has generated a niche for cybercriminal activity in harvesting data", the report maintained.
The report also says that cybercrime is a global industry but the combination of poor economic opportunities and high skills is driving many developing regions to surface as major players in cybercrime.
Across the world, the report predicts that cybercrime will continue to offer high rewards and low risks both to organised and to opportunistic criminals. New players are emerging in countries like India and Brazil and as international financial networks acquire a greater global reach, such opportunities will multiply, it said.
The international response to cybercrime has been weak, given the scale of the problem. There are no signs of preparation to withstand a future cybercrime onslaught, it says.
"Countries do face problems responding collectively in an appropriate and effective manner. The scale and nature of the problem is genuinely transnational - credit card details stolen in the UK can be processed in Malaysia and used in Australia, while Indian call centres are thought to be a source for insider fraud", it says.
As more and more regions of the world go online, cybercrime is finding new and more permissive environments, especially in developing nations, where cybercrime is gaining a foothold, the report says.
Law enforcement agencies are struggling to respond, especially in places where legislative frameworks are weak or non-existent. The growth of cybercrime in Russia, India, China and Brazil is of particular concern, it adds
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