Question

India is having a federal system. Discuss

Answer 1

Constitution of India has not described India as a federation.  Article 1 of the Constitution describes India as a “Union of States.” This means, India is a union comprising of various States which are integral parts of it. The Indian Union is not destructible. Here, the States can not break away from the union. They do not have the right to secede from the union. In a true federation, the constituting units or the States have the freedom to come out of the union.

India is not a true federation. It combines the features of a federal government and the features of a unitary government which can also be called the non-federal features. Because of this, India is regarded as a semi-federal state. . The Supreme Court of India also describes it as “a federal structure with a strong bias towards the Centre”.

The Centre exercises control over the States. The States have to respect the laws made by the central government and can not make any law on matters on which there is already a central law. The centre can also give directions to the States which they must carry out.

In a true federation, the upper house of the legislature has equal representation from the constituting units or the States. But in our Rajya Sabha, the States do not have equal representation. The populous States have more representatives in the Rajya Sabha than the less populous States.
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