"India is heading towards water scarcity". Trace the possible solutions to tackle this problem.(3 MARK QUESTION)⚡BEST ANSWER WILL BE MARKED AS BRAINLIEST! ⚡
Answers
Immediate review of National Water Policy, setting up of National Water Authority and formation of strict laws on water usage. Until and unless a properly executed law is not brought into existence - all other measures will fail.
Indian Rivers Inter-link Project is still under study. Feasibility tests for many projects have been completed but due to some or the other reasons, work is yet to begin. Only Krishna-Godavari interlink has so far been carried out. Interlinking rivers will help transporting water from flood hit areas to drought hit areas and can help tackle both these issues together. Although the project has various economical, ecological and political consequences; it is an urgent need and states governments need to work in collaboration.
Water in flood hit areas or areas with water adequacy can be channelized underground using some form of innovative designs to replenish aquifers. This water can be used up during dry seasons using the age old tube well mechanism.
Rain water harvesting should be extensively adopted wherever possible. What's better than using a source naturally available to us.
Remote sensing should be incorporated across multiple platforms. It has become easier to predict now, where and up to what extent flood or drought will strike. Using remote sensing data, the levels of underground water can also be judged remotely. This data can be transmitted to local bodies and farmers so that the use of water can be better planned. Mobile applications can play a key role here in transmitting data. If farmers already knows that they are going to get less water for a particular harvest cycle, they can sow crops which require less water like oil seeds or pulses. The entire process is not high on investment and is easy to incorporate.
Drip irrigation requires 35-40% less water than flood irrigation only with a small investment. Government plans to boost drip irrigation will help lower water scarcity.
Reduction of unnecessary water usage on the industrial scale needs to be monitored. The release of effluents and toxic chemicals in water is being monitored well, but a mechanism to check the usage of water in the first place needs to be re-looked.
Processes that turn salt water to fresh water such as Desalination and Per-vaporization are high on energy demands and hence costs making them unfeasible. Some innovation in the plant design or energy savings such that these processes can become feasible will help boost the production of fresh water.
And most importantly: awareness about using water judicially needs to be there. Awareness leads to curiosity which further leads to science.
These are some ways via which we can tackle water scarcity problems in not only India but also on the global scale. Nations need to work together as water scarcity is no longer a country specific problem.
