Indian constitution is the inclusion of federal unitary
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Answer:
Indian constitution is the inclusion of federal unitary as it is neither entirely federal nor unitary. Indian constitution can be said to be unitary as the central governments hold more power and there is prevalence of only a single constitution.
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Explanation:
A constitution is a set of rules and regulations, according to which, a country is governed. It is a system for government, codified as a written document, which contains fundamental laws and principles. It usually contains fundamental political principles,delineates the fundamental laws and principles . It enumerates and limits the powers and functions of a political entity. India has the longest written document as a constitution among all sovereign countries in the world. There are two types of constitutions unitary and federal.
Unitary Constitution
A unitary constitution is governed as a single unit. . The power of governance is not divided, instead totally lies in the hands of a central government. Various states have no rights to interfere in or oppose the decisions taken by the central government. The powers that the subdivided units exercise are decided or delegated by the central government. It may abrogate the actions taken by the devolved governments or curtail their powers. As an example, United Kingdom has a unitary constitution.
Federal Constitution
A federal constitution has features that are the exact opposite of those in the unitary form of constitution. Unlike Unitary constitution, federal constitution is a two-tier system of governance, where the governance is divided and sub-divided into states and provinces with constitution of their own, having independent powers of making decisions. The central government has its supremacy in some matters, where the state governments have supreme powers on their states in al other matters. The two types of governments work in tandem, co-ordinate and work towards making the country a better organized and governed space. It is an association of governments working for a higher, common goal. The key points of a federal constitution include the compulsion of a written document as the constitution, rigid procedure of amendment, distribution of powers between state and centre and supremacy of judiciary.
India- A federal or a unitary constitution?
The constitution of India has components of both federal and unitary constitution.
The unitary nature of the Indian constitution can be stated through various facts. The state governments are ruled by the central government when it comes to the derivation of powers, The states do not have separate constitutions of their own. The regulations are the same for everyone in the country. The state governors are appointed by the President. The union law prevails in case of conflicts. There exists a single judiciary system in India. The greatest power lies with the Supreme Court.
The Indian Constitution also has federal characteristics. The dual system of the government and the division of powers is a federal characteristic. Article 370 of the constitution (that provides a special status to Jammu & Kashmir) is an exception to the above point and is a federal characteristic. J&K has a separate constitution of its own.
The Indian Constitution is an amalgamation of federal and unitary constitution, that makes it quasi-federal. It has been done for a common goal of creating a fair governance.