Indicate the major biotic regions of the world and discuss the ecological aspects of the monsoon regime
Answers
Answered by
1
Normally, the tropical deciduous forests are found in the regions of monsoon climate but there are some departures from this close relationship and near correspondence between the regions of monsoon climate and deciduous forest.
There are three major areas of tropical deciduous forest biome viz.:
ADVERTISEMENTS:
(i) The Neotropics mainly West Indies,
(ii) Indo-Malaysian Zone (mainly in south and south-east Asia except equatorial evergreen rainforest areas) and
(iii) Eastern Africa and northern Australia.
Besides these major areas, some discontinuous localities of tropical deciduous forest biomes are also found in South Africa, Southern Brazil, South-Eastern U.S.A., Formosa (Taiwan), southern China and Japan.
Climate of Monsoon Deciduous Forest Biome:
This tropical deciduous forest biome is characterized by two distinct seasons viz. moist season and dry season.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
There are three main seasons in a year in India and surrounding monsoonal areas such as Pakistan, Bangladesh etc. e.g.:
(i) Dry warm summer season (March to June),
(ii) Warm humid summer season (July to October), and
ADVERTISEMENTS:
(iii) Dry winter season (November to February).
Average temperature of warm dry summer season ranges between 27°C and 32°C but the maximum temperature ranges between 38°C and 48°C during May and June. Warm humid summer season records average temperature between 20°C and 30°C. The temperature during dry winter season ranges between 10°C and 27°C. The length of dry season is more important than the total amount of precipitation in affecting vegetation in the tropical deciduous forest biome.
On an average, the mean annual rainfall is around 1500mm but there are much variations in temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall. Sometimes a few areas receive even less than 500 mm of mean annual rainfall. Even the temporal distribution of rainfall within a single year is highly variable because more than 80 percent of mean annual rainfall is received within 3 wet months of summer season (July, August and September).
Thus, the rainy season records much surplus water whereas dry winter and summer seasons have marked deficit water because dry season receives less than 25 mm of rainfall per month. There is maximum evaporation during warm dry summer months which results in desiccation of soils and marked reduction in soil-water. This seasonal regime of annual monsoonal rainfall gives deciduous character to the vegetations which shed their leaves (mostly trees and shrubs) during the transitional period between winter and summer season
There are three major areas of tropical deciduous forest biome viz.:
ADVERTISEMENTS:
(i) The Neotropics mainly West Indies,
(ii) Indo-Malaysian Zone (mainly in south and south-east Asia except equatorial evergreen rainforest areas) and
(iii) Eastern Africa and northern Australia.
Besides these major areas, some discontinuous localities of tropical deciduous forest biomes are also found in South Africa, Southern Brazil, South-Eastern U.S.A., Formosa (Taiwan), southern China and Japan.
Climate of Monsoon Deciduous Forest Biome:
This tropical deciduous forest biome is characterized by two distinct seasons viz. moist season and dry season.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
There are three main seasons in a year in India and surrounding monsoonal areas such as Pakistan, Bangladesh etc. e.g.:
(i) Dry warm summer season (March to June),
(ii) Warm humid summer season (July to October), and
ADVERTISEMENTS:
(iii) Dry winter season (November to February).
Average temperature of warm dry summer season ranges between 27°C and 32°C but the maximum temperature ranges between 38°C and 48°C during May and June. Warm humid summer season records average temperature between 20°C and 30°C. The temperature during dry winter season ranges between 10°C and 27°C. The length of dry season is more important than the total amount of precipitation in affecting vegetation in the tropical deciduous forest biome.
On an average, the mean annual rainfall is around 1500mm but there are much variations in temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall. Sometimes a few areas receive even less than 500 mm of mean annual rainfall. Even the temporal distribution of rainfall within a single year is highly variable because more than 80 percent of mean annual rainfall is received within 3 wet months of summer season (July, August and September).
Thus, the rainy season records much surplus water whereas dry winter and summer seasons have marked deficit water because dry season receives less than 25 mm of rainfall per month. There is maximum evaporation during warm dry summer months which results in desiccation of soils and marked reduction in soil-water. This seasonal regime of annual monsoonal rainfall gives deciduous character to the vegetations which shed their leaves (mostly trees and shrubs) during the transitional period between winter and summer season
Similar questions