Indirect and Direct Narration:
Answers
Indirect and Direct Narration:
- We many report the words of a speaker in two ways:
- Quoting the actual words said by speaker enclosing in inverted commas (" ") and starting with a capital letter. This is called Direct Narration.
- Reporting what speaker said without quoting actual words or using inverted commas, but focusing on the content what he said. This is called Indirect Narration.
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The Basic rules for converting direct speech into indirect (for interrogative sentences) are as follows:
Commas and inverted commas are removed.
The conjunction 'that' is not used in indirect speech for interrogative sentences. Though 'that' is used for all affirmative sentences.
On changing into indirect speech the question sentence is expressed in the affirmative form instead of interrogative form. and a Question mark (?) is not applied at the end of the sentence.
The reporting verbs like 'said', 'told' are replaced by verbs such as 'asked', 'inquired' in interrogative sentences.
Personal pronouns change in Indirect speech. Pronouns of first person and second person are changed into indirect form correspondingly and Pronouns of third person do not change.
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Tense of the sentence changes likewise.
simple present → Simple past
present continuous → past continuous
present perfect → past perfect
Present perfect continuous → Past perfect continuous
Past indefinite → Past perfect
Past continuous → Past perfect continuous
Past perfect → (No change)
Past perfect continuous (No change)
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Will → would
Shall → should
can → could
Words expressing nearness in time or place are generally changed into the words expressing distance.
now → then
here → there
ago → before
today → that day
tomorrow → the next day, the following day
yesterday → the day before, the previous day
this → these
that → those
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Answer:
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