Question

indiscriminate usage of plastic is a serious threat of biodiversity and what are the effects of government in tjis regard

Answer 1

Steps Taken By Government for Biodiversity Protection

Indian Government has taken various biodiversity protection steps. Important measures include :

The Central Government has enacted the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. The Act, inter alia, provides for creation of Protected Areas for protection of wild life and also provides for punishment for hunting of specified fauna specified in the schedules I to IV thereof.

Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules 2010 have been framed for protection of wetlands, in the States.The Centrally Sponsored Scheme of National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Eco-System also provides assistance to the States for management of wet lands including Ramsar sites in the country.Wildlife Crime Control Bureau has been established for control of illegal trade in wildlife, including endangered species.Wildlife Institute of India, Bombay Natural History society and Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History are some of the research organizations undertaking research on conservation of wildlife.The Indian Government has banned the veterinary use of diclofenac drug that has caused rapid population decline of Gyps vulture across the Indian Subcontinent. Conservation Breeding Programmes to conserve these vulture species have been initiated at Pinjore (Haryana), Buxa (West Bengal) and Rani, Guwahati (Assam) by the Bombay Natural History Society.The Centrally Sponsored Scheme ‘Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats‘ has been modified by including a new component namely ‘Recovery of Endangered Species‘ and 16 species have been identified for recovery viz. Snow Leopard, Bustard (including Floricans), Dolphin, Hangul, Nilgiri Tahr, Marine Turtles, Dugong, Edible Nest Swiftlet, Asian Wild Buffalo, Nicobar Megapode, Manipur Brow-antlered Deer, Vultures, Malabar Civet, Indian Rhinoceros, Asiatic Lion, Swamp Deer and Jerdon’s Courser.Under the ‘Recovery of Endangered Species’ component of the Centrally Sponsored Scheme ‘Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats’ for the recovery of endangered species viz. Hangul in Jammu and Kashmir, Snow Leopard in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Arunachal Pradesh, Vulture in Punjab, Haryana and Gujarat, Swiftlet in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Nilgiri Tahr in Taml Nadu, Sanghai Deer in Manipur governement has spend lakhs of rupees.Protected Areas, viz, National Parks, Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves and Community Reserves all over the country covering the important habitats have been created as per the provisions of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 to provide better protection to wildlife, including threatened species and their habitat.Financial and technical assistance is extended to the State Governments under various Centrally Sponsored Schemes, viz, ‘Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats’, ‘Project Tiger’ and ‘Project Elephant’ for providing better protection and conservation to wildlife.The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has been empowered under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 to apprehend and prosecute wildlife offenders.The State Governments have been requested to strengthen the field formations and intensify patrolling in and around the Protected Areas.

Answer 2

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Biodiversity➫ The number and types of plants and animals that exist in a particular area.

Ex:- Different varieties of animals & plants live in the ocean.

♦ It is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in.

♦ Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.

♦ It boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small.

➧ Types of Biodiversity are:-
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[1] Genetic Diversity:-

❱ The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. 

[2] Species  Diversity:-

❱ The number of different species that are represented in a given community.

[3] Ecosystem  Diversity:-

❱ The the variety of different ecosystems within an area.

➧ Some threat of Biodiversity:-
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❱ Deforestation
❱ Desertification
❱ Climate Change
❱ Marine Environment
❱ Increasing Wildlife Trade
❱ Human Activities & Loss of Habitat

➧ Importance of Biodiversity:-
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❱ It Increase ecosystem productivity.

❱ It offers:-

♦ Fish
♦ Food
♦ Harvest
♦ Silviculture
♦ Livestock

❱ It provides functioning ecosystems that:-

♦ Pest control
♦ Supply 0xygen
♦ Clean air & Water
♦ Pollination of plants
♦ Wastewater treatment
♦ Ecosystem services

➧ We can protect Biodiversity by:-
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❱ To reduce your adverse impact on the environment & encourage local biodiversity.

❱ Help Native Pollinators.

❱ Reduce or eliminate pesticides & fertilizer.

❱ Restore habitat in your yard.

❱ Restore habitat in your community.

❱ Reduce your consumption.

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