Indus valley civilization notes for upsc vision
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Indus Valley Civilization was the first major civilization in South Asia, which spread across a vast area of land in present-day India and Pakistan (around 12 lakh sq.km). The time period of mature Indus Valley Civilization is estimated between BC. 2700- BC.1900 ie. for 800 years. But early Indus Valley Civilization had existed even before BC.2700.
Features of Indus Valley Civilization
BC. 2700- BC.1900 ie for 800 years.
On the valleys of river Indus.
Also known as Harappan Civilization.
Beginning of city life.
Harappan Sites discovered by – Dayaram Sahni (1921) – Montgomery district, Punjab, Pakistan.
Mohanjodaro discovered by – R. D. Banerji – Larkana district, Sind, Pakistan.
The city was divided into Citadel(west) and Lower Town(east).
Red pottery painted with designs in black.
Stone weights, seals, special beads, copper tools, long stone blades etc.
Copper, bronze, silver, gold present.
Artificially produced – Faience.
Specialists for handicrafts.
Import of raw materials.
Plough was used.
Bodies were buried in wooden coffins, but during the later stages ‘H symmetry culture’ evolved where bodies were buried in painted burial urns.
Sugar cane not cultivated, horse, iron not used.
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Answer:
Indus is a large river in Eastern Pakistan,near the border of India.The Indus valley civilisation flourished from 4th to the middle of the 2nd century BC in the valleys of this river and its tributaries. It was one of the earliest and the biggest civilisation of the world. Archaeologists found its remains in 1922. First a small part over thousand colonies was excavated. It was the centre of trade and business. Products were sent to Sumer in Mesopotamia. There were no magnificent buildings or temples, but a planned layout, right angled streets with living quarters, and a system for drinking and waste water were some of the things discovered here. It is not known why the Civilisation perished by around 1700 BC.
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