information about Neptune .
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Neptune is the eighth and farthest-known Solar planet from the Sun. In the Solar System, it is the fourth-largest planet by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet. It is 17 times the mass of Earth, slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus. Neptune is denser and physically smaller than Uranus because its greater mass causes more gravitational compression of its atmosphere. It is referred to as one of the solar system's two ice giant planets (the other one being its near-twin Uranus.)
Discovery[1]Discovered by
Johann GalleUrbain Le VerrierJohn Couch Adams
Discovery date23 September 1846DesignationsPronunciation/ˈnɛptjuːn/ (listen)[2]
Named after
Latin Neptunus, via French NeptuneAdjectivesNeptunian (/nɛpˈtjuːniən/),[3] Poseidean[4]Orbital characteristics[9][a]Epoch J2000Aphelion30.33 AU (4.54 billion km)Perihelion29.81 AU (4.46 billion km)
Semi-major axis
30.07 AU (4.50 billion km)Eccentricity0.008678
Orbital period (sidereal)
164.8 yr60,195 days89,666 Neptunian solar days[5]
Orbital period (synodic)
367.49 days[6]
Average orbital speed
5.43 km/s[6]
Mean anomaly
256.228°Inclination1.770° to ecliptic
6.43° to Sun's equator
0.74° to invariable plane[7]
Longitude of ascending node
131.783°
Time of perihelion
2042-Sep-04[8]
Argument of perihelion
273.187°Known satellites14Physical characteristics
Mean radius
24,622±19 km[10][b]
Equatorial radius
24,764±15 km[10][b]
3.883 Earths
Polar radius
24,341±30 km[10][b]
3.829 EarthsFlattening0.0171±0.0013
Surface area
7.6187×109 km2[11][b]
14.98 EarthsVolume6.253×1013 km3[6][b]
57.74 EarthsMass1.02413×1026 kg[6]
17.147 Earths
5.15×10−5 Suns
Mean density
1.638 g/cm3[6][c]
Surface gravity
11.15 m/s2[6][b]
1.14 g
Moment of inertia factor
0.23[12] (estimate)
Escape velocity
23.5 km/s[6][b]
Synodic rotation period
0.67125 d
16 h 6 m 36 s[5]
Sidereal rotation period
0.6713 day[6]
16 h 6 min 36 s
Equatorial rotation velocity
2.68 km/s (9,650 km/h)
Axial tilt
28.32° (to orbit)[6]
North pole right ascension
19h 57m 20s[10]
299.3°
North pole declination
42.950°[10]Albedo0.290 (bond)[13]
0.442 (geom.)[14]Surface temp.minmeanmax1 bar level72 K (−201 °C)[6]0.1 bar (10 kPa)55 K (−218 °C)[6]
Apparent magnitude
7.67[15] to 8.00
Neptune is the eighth and farthest-known Solar planet from the Sun. In the Solar System, it is the fourth-largest planet by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet. It is 17 times the mass of Earth, slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranus. Wikipedia
Distance from Sun: 4.495 billion km
Orbital period: 165 years
Surface area: 7.618 billion km²
Radius: 24,622 km
Discovered: 23 September 1846
Moons: Triton, Hippocamp, Proteus, Nereid, Thalassa, Naiad, Despina, Galatea, Neso, Psamathe, Halimede, more
Discoverers: Urbain Le Verrier, Johann Gottfried Galle, John Couch Adams