information about underground plants for Sr.kg
Answers
Answer:Plants are living organisms upon which different organisms depend for food, shelter, etc. Different parts of plants exhibit different roles. They act as a source of food and oxygen and maintain the ecological balance.
For better understanding, we need to know in detail about the different parts of plants and their functions. Let’s have a glance at the structure of different plant parts and how are they beneficial to the environment.
Parts Of Plants
The main parts of a plant include:
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Plant Parts
Parts Of Plants Diagram
Roots
Roots are the underground part of a plant. They are the major part that anchors the plant firmly in the soil. They absorb water and minerals from the soil, synthesise plant growth regulators, and store reserve food material. The apical part of the root is covered by the root cap that protects the root apex.
The direct elongation of radicle leads to the formation of primary roots that grow inside the soil in dicots. It bears lateral roots that are known as secondary and tertiary roots.
In monocots, the primary root is replaced by a large number of roots because it is short-lived. In some plants such as Banyan tree, the roots arise from the parts of the plant and not from the radical. Such roots are known as adventitious roots.
Few plants that grow in swampy areas ave roots growing vertically upwards to get oxygen for respiration. Such roots are known as pneumatophores.
Also Read: Root Modifications
Stem
The stem is the part of the plant above the ground. It bears leaves, fruits and flowers. The region where the leaves arise is known as the node and the region between the nodes is known as the internode.
The stem provides support to the plant. They also protect the plant and help in vegetative propagation. A few underground stems such as potato and ginger are modified to store food.
The stem tendrils are spirally coiled and help the plant to climb a support. The axillary buds also get modified into thorns that protect the plant from grazing animals.
The stems of a few plants in the desert areas, such as Opuntia, get modified into thick, fleshy structures that store food and prevent excessive water loss due to transpiration.
The important functions of stem include:
Support: Primary function of the stem is to hold up buds, flowers, leaves, and fruits to the plant. Along with the roots, a stem anchors the plants and helps them to stand upright.
Transportation: It is the part which transports water and minerals from the root and prepared food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
Storage: Stems are one of the storerooms of plants where the prepared food is stored in the form of starch.
Reproduction: Few stems help in reproduction through vegetative propagation.
Leaves
Leaves are the most important part of a plant. They contain chlorophyll that helps the plants to prepare their food using sunlight, carbon dioxide and water.
They consist of three main parts- petiole, leaf base and lamina.
The petiole keeps the leaf blade exposed to wind and cools the leaf.
The lamina of the leaf contains veins and veinlets that provide rigidity to the leaf blade and help in the transport of nutrients and minerals.
Explanation:
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