Question

Information on bacterial diseases and their mode of transmission and prepare a table....

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Answer 1

$\Large{ \underline{ \bf{Bacterial \: Diseases}}}$

1. Typhoid

• Causative Organism: Salmonella typhi
• Mode of Transmission: Pathogens generally enter the small intestine through contaminated food and water and migrate to other organs through blood.
• Diagnostic Test: Widal Test
• Symptoms: High fever b(39° to 40°C), weakness, stomach pain, constipation, headache & loss of appetite.

2. Pneumonia

• Causative Organism: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae
• Mode of Transmission: A healthy person acquire the infection by inhaling the droplets/ aerosols released by an infected person or by sharing glasses and utensils with an infected person.
• Diagnostic Test: Blood Test/ Sputum Test.
• Symptoms: Alveoli get filled with fluid leading to problem in respiration, fever, chills, cough & headache.

3. Plague/Bubonic plague (Black death)

• Causative Organism: Yersinia pestis
• Mode of Transmission: Spread by flea bites (Xenopsylla)
• Diagnostic Test: Sputum Test
• Symptoms: High fever & bubo (lump) in the groin or the armpit. Red patches appear on skin which turn black and leads to death.

4. Cholera

• Causative Organism: Vibrio cholerae
• Mode of Transmission: Contaminated food and water.
• Diagnostic Test: Stool Test
• Symptoms: Frequent stools which are white like rice-water & repeated vomiting.

5. Diphtheria

• Causative Organism: Corynebacterium diphtheria
• Mode of Transmission: Direct contact with infected person or through the air.
• Diagnostic Test: Throat Culture
• Symptoms: Sore throat, chills with mild fever, vomiting & headache. Throat and tonsils show grey membrane which may spread down and cause hoarseness and difficulty in breathing.

5. Tuberculosis (TB) (Koch's disease)

• Causative Organism: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Mode of Transmission: By airborne particle called droplet nuclei.
• Diagnostic Test: Mantoux Test
• Symptoms: Fever, cough, Sputum containing blood, pain in the chest, loss of weight, excessive fatigue, loss of appetite, rise of temperature in evening, hoarseness of throat, night sweating & rapid pulse.

6. Tetanus (Lock Jaw)

• Causative Organism: Clostridium tetani
• Mode of Transmission: Direct transfer of C. tetani spores from soil, excreta of animals, wound & cut.
• Diagnostic Test: Physical exam
• Symptoms: Irritability and restlessness, the neck becomes stiff and there is difficulty in chewing and swallowing, spasms of muscles of the jaw and face.

7. Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)

• Causitive Organism: Mycobacterium leprae
• Mode of Transmission: Nasal secretion or droplets
• Diagnostic Test: Serology
• Symptoms: Appearance of light coloured patches on the skin, thickening of the nerves, ulcers & skin eruption.

Answer 2

Bacterial Diseases in Humans Causative Agent

Pulmonary Tuberculosis-Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Diptheria-Corynebacterium diptheriae

Cholera-Vibrio cholerae

Leprosy-Mycobacterium leprae

Pertussis-Bordetella pertussis

Tetanus-Clostridium tetani

Plague-Yersinia pestis

Gonorrhoea-Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Syphilis-Treponema pallidum

Salmonellosis -Salmonella enteritis