Informational article about reusing the waste materials ideate
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Reuse is the action or practice of using an item, whether for its original purpose (conventional reuse) or to fulfil a different function (creative reuse or repurposing). It should be distinguished from recycling, which is the breaking down of used items to make raw materials for the manufacture of new products. Reuse – by taking, but not reprocessing, previously used items – helps save time, money, energy and resources. In broader economic terms, it can make quality products available to people and organizations with limited means, while generating jobs and business activity that contribute to the economy.
Historically, financial motivation was one of the main drivers of reuse. In the developing world this driver can lead to very high levels of reuse, however rising wages and consequent consumer demand for the convenience of disposable products has made the reuse of low value items such as packaging uneconomic in richer countries, leading to the demise of many reuse programs. Current environmental awareness is gradually changing attitudes and regulations, such as the new packaging regulations, are gradually beginning to reverse the situation.
One example of conventional reuse is the doorstep delivery of milk in glass bottles; other examples include the retreading of tires and the use of returnable/reusable plastic boxes, shipping containers, instead of single-use corrugated fiberboard boxes.
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The well-known international recycling logo sometimes is accompanied by the phrase “Reduce, reuse, recycle”, which expresses that we should reduce our consumption of non-renewable resources (such as oil), re-use products (such as shopping bags made with plastic obtained from oil), and recycle when their useful life has ended, to be reborn as new products (such as plastic park benches). How does this apply to research data?
In terms of reduce: in the last two decades, concerns have increasingly been expressed that the biomedical research “industrial complex” is tremendously wasteful [1]. We start research without first doing a careful analysis (e.g. using a systematic review) whether the research question still needs to be answered. We create research designs that are inadequate to answer our question, because our sample is too small, or key outcomes are not collected, or we allow attrition of subjects to such a degree that a randomized controlled trial degenerates into a non-controlled study of a selective sample. Sometimes the problem of waste is that we have a sample that is too large, or we collect too many outcomes, or collect them too often. Then, when we report the findings, we produce, using incorrect analytical methods, articles that selectively report outcomes, are inadequate to help readers understand the results of our research, or do not allow translation of the findings into clinical practice [2].
Awareness of the need to reduce research quantities and improve what remains is growing, and various individual researchers, journals, funding agencies and others have developed initiatives to spend always-limited research funds more parsimoniously. However, we are still far from a comprehensive solution to the waste of resources that Altman in 1994 called a scandal [3].
Reuse of data addresses the issue that sometimes researchers can use their data again. Reference here is not to (semi-)duplicate publication, where the same results are rehashed many times, but serendipity: researchers, thinking about the next research project or reading someone else’s paper, realize that their existing data might be useful in shining some (preliminary) light on a new question.
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