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The State of Madhya Pradesh is centrally located and is often called as the "Heart of India".
The State is home to a rich cultural heritage and has practically everything; innumerable
monuments, large plateau, spectacular mountain ranges, meandering rivers and miles and
miles of dense forests offering a unique and exciting panorama of wildlife in sylvan
surroundings.
In 1950, Madhya Pradesh was created from former British Central Provinces and Berar,
princely states of Makarai and Chhattisgarh and Nagpur as the capital. The new states of
Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal were formed out of Central India Agency. In
1956, as a result of reorganization of states, the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh
and Bhopal were merged into Madhya Pradesh.
In the year 1998, the number of districts became 61. Madhya Pradesh was originally the
largest state in India until November 1, 2000 when the state of Chattisgarh was carved out.
The state of Madhya Pradesh, lying in the heart of the country, is bound by latitudes N
21°04'30" to 26°49'30" and longitudes E 74°1'10" to 82°48'20". Madhya Pradesh, with an
area of 3,08,000 sq.km. is the second largest state in India after Rajasthan. It is a part of
peninsular plateau of India lying in north central part, whose boundary can be classified in the
north by the plains of Ganga-Yamuna, in the west by the Aravali, east by the Chhattisgarh
plain and in the south by the Tapti valley and the plateau of Maharashtra.
Most of the State lies on the tableland of Central India bounded by the Upper Gangetic plains
in the north; the Godawari valley in the south; the plains of Gujarat in the West and plateau of
Bundelkhand and Chhattisgarh in the east. The State is traversed by the Vindhya, Satpura and
Maikal hill ranges running east west. The highest point is at Dhupgarh near Pachmarhi in
Hoshangabad district, at 1,350 m. Most of the State has an elevation of between 305 to 610 m
above MSL. Low-lying areas are in the narrow Narmada valley in the central southern parts.
In general, the State stretches across a geographically elevated position.
Based on its topography, the state can be divided in to the following natural regions:-
The Plateau of Malwa : Covering almost the entire western region of Madhya Pradesh, the
plateau, formed by the Deccan trap rocks, starts north of the Narmada and Betwa rivers and
found in Guna, Rajgarh, Mandsaur, Jhabua, Dhar, Ratlam, Dewas, Ujjain, Sehore, Vidisha,
Shajapur, Raisen and Sagar districts. Its average height is normally 350 to 450 m but some
peaks have attained a height of even more than 800 m. Chambal, Mahi, Kshipra, Betwa and
Parvati are the main rivers of this region.
The Plateau of Central India : This region covers the northern part of the lower basin of
Chambal river. It is formed by the Vindhyan rock groups with the Deccan trap in the south
and the Bundelkhand gneiss rocks in the east. The Bundi and Karauli hills form its western
boundary. The region presents an amalgam of low land and upland topography. The area is
marked by deep ravines of the Chambal, Kalisindh and Parvati rivers. This region spreads in
Morena, Bhind, Gwalior, Shivpuri, Sheopur, Guna and Mandsaur districts. Maximum height
of the region is 500 m., however, the plain situated to the north and north east has a height.The state of Madhya Pradesh has a variety of soils ranging from rich clayey to gravelly. The
major groups of soils found in the state can be divided into 4 categories namely; alluvial,
medium and deep black, shallow and medium black, mixed red and black.he oldest group of rocks comprising of Archaeans and Proterozoic formation constitute
nearly 45% area of the State. The next younger formation of Carboniferous to lower
Cretaceous comprising Gondwana Super Group covers 10% area while the formation of
Cretaceous to Paleocene comprising mostly of Deccan Trap basalt constitutes 38% area of the state.It has been observed during the last few decades that the State of Madhya Pradesh is prone to
various kinds of disasters of recurrent nature. These disasters result in loss of life and
property - public and private - and disrupt economic activity, besides causing immense
misery and hardship to the affected population. It is felt that much of this is avoidable, or /and
could be prevented and mitigated. A time has come to look at the disasters occurring in one
or more parts of the State regularly, at more frequent intervals and to evolve a strategy for
reducing their impact, and for giving assistance to the affected population. A timely and well-
prepared action plan can save many lives and lots of property even at the time of sudden
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Madhya Pradesh, state of India. As its name implies—madhya means “central” and pradesh means “region” or “state”—it is situated in the heart of the country. The state has no coastline and no international frontier. It is bounded by the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the southwest, and Rajasthan to the northwest. The capital is Bhopal, in the west-central part of the state.
Land
Madhya Pradesh lies over a transitional area between the Indo-Gangetic Plain in the north and the Deccan plateau in the south. Its physiography is characterized by low hills, extensive plateaus, and river valleys.
Climate
The climate in Madhya Pradesh is governed by a monsoon weather pattern. The distinct seasons are summer (March through May), winter (November through February), and the intervening rainy months of the southwest monsoon (June through September). The summer is hot, dry, and windy.The average annual rainfall is about 44 inches (1,100 mm).
Plant and animal life
In the early 21st century, official statistics indicated that nearly one-third of the state’s total area was forested, but satellite imagery revealed the proportion to be closer to one-fifth. An even smaller percentage of Madhya Pradesh consists of permanent pasture or other grazing land. The main forested areas include the Vindhya Range, the Kaimur Hills, the Satpura and Maikala ranges, and the Baghelkhand Plateau. Among the state’s most notable trees are teak and sal (Shorea robusta), both of which are valuable hardwoods; bamboo; salai (Boswellia serrata), which yields a resin used for incense and medicine; and tendu, the leaves of which are used for rolling bidis (Indian cigarettes).The forests abound in large mammals, such as tigers, panthers, bears, gaurs (wild cattle), and many types of deer, including chital (spotted deer), sambar, blackbucks, and the rare barasingha .
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