Question

Innate immunity active immunity passive immunity all of these vaccination is a procedure to achieve?

Answer 1

Active immunity refers to the process of exposing the body to an antigen to generate an adaptive immune response: the response takes days/weeks to develop but may be long lasting—even lifelong. Active immunity is usually classified as natural or acquired. Wild infection for example with hepatitis A virus (HAV) and subsequent recovery gives rise to a natural active immune response usually leading to lifelong protection. In a similar manner, administration of two doses of hepatitis A vaccine generates an acquired active immune response leading to long-lasting (possibly lifelong) protection. Hepatitis A vaccine has only been licensed since the late 1980s so that follow-up studies of duration of protection are limited to <25 years—hence, the preceding caveat about duration of protection.

Passive immunity refers to the process of providing IgG antibodies to protect against infection; it gives immediate, but short-lived protection—several weeks to 3 or 4 months at most. Passive immunity is usually classified as natural or acquired. The transfer of maternal tetanus antibody (mainly IgG) across the placenta provides natural passive immunity for the newborn baby for several weeks/months until such antibody is degraded and lost. In contrast, acquired passive immunity refers to the process of obtaining serum from immune individuals, pooling this, concentrating the immunoglobulin fraction and then injecting it to protect a susceptible person.

Answer 2

Answer:

Innate Immunity :

Innate immunity is inherited and it acts as the first response to any pathogen invasion.

Skin, tears, saliva, neutrophils, PMC, Natural Killer Cells etc are examples of innate immunity

Further mucus in gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and nasal passage traps pathogens.

Acquired Immunity :

Immune responses which are a result of adaptation or injection of vaccines and antibiotics during the course of life time.

Passive Immunity :

Vaccine is essentially traces of decaying virus or certain proteins injected into the body for the sake of recognition (Memory Cells of Lymphatic System) and ensue a stronger secondary response in future.

Similarly newborns receive IgA more breast milk.

In other words, Immunity from external sources is passive immunization.

Active Immunity :

Suppose a pathogen makes its way into the human body, the B cells initiate a short lived primary immune response.

The same information is stored in memory cells found in lymph nodes.

If the same pathogen were to call the human body it's home, a secondary immune response is initiated by T Cells and Memory Cells to drive away the nemesis.

Vaccines work on the same principle.

Autoimmunity :

Autoimmunity is a dire condition wherein T Cells are unable to recognize self cells and direct antibodies to act on host antigens weakening the immune system.