input and ouput analysis
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Input–output analysis, economic analysis developed by the 20th-century Russian-born U.S. economist Wassily W. Leontief, in which the interdependence of an economy’s various productive sectors is observed by viewing the product of each industry both as a commodity demanded for final consumption and as a factor in the production of itself and other goods. Certain simplifying assumptions are made, such as that productive resources will always be combined in the same proportions to produce any amount of a final product. Then it is possible to determine the total quantities of various goods that must be produced to obtain a given amount for final consumption.
Input–output tables can be constructed for whole economies or for segments within economies. They are useful in planning the production levels in various industries necessary to meet given consumption goals and in analyzing the effects throughout the economy of changes in certain components. They have been most widely used in planned economies and in developing countries.