intermolecular force vs thermal interaction. i need understandable points..
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Three states of matter are the result of balance betweenintermolecular forces and thethermal energy of the molecules. If the molecular interactions are very weak, molecules do not cling together to make liquid orsolid, unless thermal energy is reduced by lowering the temperature.
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Three states of matter are the result of balance betweenintermolecular forces and thethermal energy of the molecules. If the molecular interactions are very weak, molecules do not cling together to make liquid orsolid, unless thermal energy is reduced by lowering the temperature.
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PLEASE MARK THIS ANSWER AS A BRAIN LIST...
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Inter-molecular Forces vs. Thermal Interactions
Inter-molecular force is the attractive force acting between neighboring molecules. Whereas thermal energy is the measure of the sum of the kinetic energy of the individual molecules and particles. So the inter-molecular force of attraction keeps the particles together while the thermal interactions (kinetic energy) make them move apart.
Let us say that under standard conditions, a substance X is solid. At this stage, the inter-molecular forces dominate over the thermal energy of the particles. Thus, the molecules cling together and take up the solid state.
When a substance is to be converted from its gaseous state to a solid state, it’s thermal energy (or temperature) has to be reduced. On reducing the thermal energy, the particles lose their kinetic energy and consequently, the molecules cling together marking the dominance of inter-molecular forces.
Similarly, if a gas is to be liquefied, reducing its thermal energy by reducing the temperature can do the needful.
Thus, the existence of the different states of matter is nothing but a balance between its inter-molecular forces and the thermal interactions between the particles. The predominance of inter-molecular forces is the least in gases and most in the solids; the predominance of thermal energy is the least in solids and the most in gases.
Inter-molecular force is the attractive force acting between neighboring molecules. Whereas thermal energy is the measure of the sum of the kinetic energy of the individual molecules and particles. So the inter-molecular force of attraction keeps the particles together while the thermal interactions (kinetic energy) make them move apart.
Let us say that under standard conditions, a substance X is solid. At this stage, the inter-molecular forces dominate over the thermal energy of the particles. Thus, the molecules cling together and take up the solid state.
When a substance is to be converted from its gaseous state to a solid state, it’s thermal energy (or temperature) has to be reduced. On reducing the thermal energy, the particles lose their kinetic energy and consequently, the molecules cling together marking the dominance of inter-molecular forces.
Similarly, if a gas is to be liquefied, reducing its thermal energy by reducing the temperature can do the needful.
Thus, the existence of the different states of matter is nothing but a balance between its inter-molecular forces and the thermal interactions between the particles. The predominance of inter-molecular forces is the least in gases and most in the solids; the predominance of thermal energy is the least in solids and the most in gases.
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