Interview your grandparents and find out what were the means of communication when they were young ask them how they look at the modern means of communication such as sms as video calling analysis han technological technological development in the means of communication has affected or influenced our lies over the ear write an article on the same give the relevant picture
Answers
Explanation:
This study examined the pattern of use of different forms of contact between grandparents and grandchildren, and especially the use of new technologies (SMS, e-mail) and factors affecting this. Questionnaire data are reported from 408 grandparents in the UK, Spain, Finland and Estonia, regarding contacts with grandchildren mostly in the 10–15-year age range. Face-to-face contact remained the most frequent mean, followed closely by landline telephone; there was moderate use of mobile phones, and many used letters/cards occasionally; and a minority used SMS and e-mails (about one-half to one-third of those with mobile phones, and networked computers, respectively). When contacting grandchildren, most grandparents accumulate different forms of contact, but others compensate some forms of contact. There were no differences by age of grandparent, but grandmothers made more use of e-mail than grandfathers, as did more highly educated grandparents and those with older grandchildren. Implications for use of Information and Communication Technology by older people are discussed.
Keywords: Intergenerational relations, Grandparents, ICT
Introduction
Research on grandparenting over the last two decades shows that becoming a grandparent is an important event in the lives of some 70% of older people and, generally, the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren is seen as positive, and important, by both generations. Contact with grandchildren is highly valued by grandparents, and most grandparents see many grandchildren at least once a month, sometimes much more often, and wish to maintain regular contact with them (Smith and Drew 2002). Regarding studies in Europe and especially those countries involved in our study, data from the British social attitudes (BSA) survey in 1998 (Dench and Ogg 2002) show that communication between generations has traditionally happened via direct contact or landline telephone. Thirty percent of grandparents declared seeing grandchildren several times a week, and only 32% less than once a month; grandmothers appeared to see and speak on the phone with grandchildren more than grandfathers. Very few studies on grandparenting are available in Finland and Estonia, and most Spanish studies focus on the emotional and socializing role of grandparents inside the family.
An important study on contact between grandparents and grandchildren (Cherlin and Furstenberg 1986) found that traditional forms of contact (direct contact, landline telephone calls) are not used by grandparents in a compensatory way. If grandparents meet often with their grandchildren, they also phone them more frequently; thus they do not compensate for infrequent meetings by phoning. Here, we will refer to a pattern of contact where different forms of communication covary with each other as an “accumulation model” (more direct contact, more phone calls); we will use the term “compensatory model” to refer to a pattern of contact where different forms of communication vary inversely with each other (more direct contact, less phone calls or less direct contact, more phone calls).
New forms of communication such as mobile phone calls, SMS and e-mail are also spreading among older groups of the population, but there are no available data on contact between grandparents and grandchildren via new communication technologies. In this study, after delineating the situation regarding older Europeans and the Information Society today, and presenting the relationship between old and new media according to the theory of niche and gratification opportunities, we will try to explain the relationship between different forms of contact between grandparents and grandchildren in four European countries: the UK, Finland, Spain and Estonia. In doing so, the accumulation and the compensatory models will be used.