Question

introduction about air pollution
250- 300 lines .​

Answer 1

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Essay on Air Pollution

Earlier the air we breathe in use to be pure and fresh. But, due to increasing industrialization and concentration of poisonous gases in the environment the air is getting more and more toxic day by day. Also, these gases are the cause of many respiratory and other diseases. Moreover, the rapidly increasing human activities like the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation is the major cause of air pollution.

How Air Gets Polluted?

The fossil fuel, firewood, and other things that we burn produce oxides of carbons which got released into the atmosphere. Earlier there happens to be a large number of trees which can easily filter the air we breathe in. But with the increase in demand for land, the people started cutting down of trees which caused deforestation. That ultimately reduced the filtering capacity of the tree.

Moreover, during the last few decades, the numbers of fossil fuel burning vehicle increased rapidly which increased the number of pollutants in the air.

Causes Of Air Pollution

Its causes include burning of fossil fuel and firewood, smoke released from factories, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, bombardment, asteroids, CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons), carbon oxides and many more.

Besides, there are some other air pollutants like industrial waste, agricultural waste, power plants, thermal nuclear plants, etc.

Answer 2

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Introduction to air pollution:--

• "Air pollution refers to the condition in which the existence of toxic substances in the atmosphere, generated by various human activities and natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions, results in damaging effects on the welfare of human beings and the living environment" (Omasa 2002). As stated here, this is a very serious problem which is difficult to treat due to the nature of airborne particles.

• According to the World Health Organization (WHO), outdoor air pollution is classified into four main categories: particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Additionally, air pollution is further divided into primary and secondary pollutants. Primary pollutants are released directly into the atmosphere from a source, where secondary pollutants occur as a result of complex chemical reactions taking place from two pollutants reacting with each other (Kibble and Harrison 2005).

In the 1970's, the United States government formed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) due to growing concern of our impact on the environment. Ever since then, an entire industry has opened, focusing to remediate what was done before as well as maintain a sense of responsibility for what we do to the environment now. Unfortunately, since this is a relatively new concern, there is very little history of how air pollution has been dealt with in the past. Through current research, we are now making history.

Possible environmental sources

Sources of air pollution can include but are not limited to industrial factories, automobile exhaust, construction, and natural disasters such as forest fires and volcanic eruptions. Particulate matter air pollution is what first comes to mind when considering air pollution because it has an unlimited number of sources.

Problems it causes

Numerous health problems can stem from outdoor air pollution involving the "respiratory, cardiovascular, immunological, hematological, neurological and reproductive/ developmental body systems" (Curtis et al. 2006). Most health issues revolve around the respiratory system since they are typically inhaled through the mouth and nose.

Types/classes of pollutants encountered

There are six main categories of air pollutants recognized by the EPA: particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead.

Particulate matter is composed of many components such as acids, organic chemicals, metals, soil, wood, and dust. Particulate matter pollution is classified primarily by particle size, with smaller particles being the cause of most health problems (Lancet 2006). The types of health problems are related to the relative size of the contaminant. Usually, contaminants are inhaled through the mouth and nose, affecting primarily the trachea and lungs. Conditions such as asthma and allergies can be enhanced when faced with this class of contaminants (Weschler 2006).

Ozone can almost be viewed as a two-edged sword. When present in the earth's upper atmosphere, this is beneficial because it protects plants and animals from the sun's harmful UV rays. However, when present at ground-level, it is damaging to these same plants and animals. Ground level ozone is created when volatile organic compounds reacts chemically with nitrogen oxides through complex interactions. For animals, this harmful ozone can irritate the lung airways, causing inflammation. Also, ozone can promote asthma, reduce lung capacity, and increase the chances of getting pneumonia and bronchitis. For plants, ozone increases disease and insect susceptibility as well as increasing the effects of harsh weather and other pollutants (EPA 2006).

• Nitrogen dioxide is formed naturally, but is primarily produced by automobiles, electric plants, and other sources that burn fuel at high temperatures. Health problems attributed to nitrogen dioxide can include respiratory illness induced by impairment of the defense system. In a laboratory test, when inhaled by mice, phagoctyic activity was impared, reducing resistance to infection through a hindered immune system (Devlin et al. 1999).