Question

introduction for electrolysis of water

Answer 1

Answer:

Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen gas due to the passage of an electric current.It ideally requires a potential difference of 1.23 volts to split water.

This technique can be used to make hydrogen gas and breathable oxygen. However, as hydrogen is an important industrial commodity, by far most industrial methods produce hydrogen from natural gas instead, in the steam reforming process.

Two leads, running from the terminals of a battery, are placed in a cup of water with a quantity of electrolyte to establish conductivity in the solution. Using NaCl (table salt) in an electrolyte solution results in chlorine gas rather than oxygen due to a competing half-reaction. With the correct electrodes and correct electrolyte, such as baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), hydrogen and oxygen gases will stream from the oppositely charged electrodes. Oxygen will collect at the positively charged electrode (anode) and hydrogen will collect at the negatively charged electrode (cathode). Note that hydrogen is positively charged in the H2O molecule, so it ends up at the negative electrode. (And vice versa for oxygen.)

Note that an aqueous solution of water with chloride ions, when electrolysed, will result in either OH− if the concentration of Cl− is low, or in chlorine gas being preferentially discharged if the concentration of Cl− is greater than 25% by mass in the solution.

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