invasions and wars with sikhs
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The Sikh Empire (1799 – 1849 CE) was established by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Throughout its history, it fought various adversaries including the Durrani Empire of Afghanistan and the British East India Company.The Sikhs first raised their weapons against the Mughal Empire under Guru Hargobind. Guru Hargobind was son of the 5th Guru Arjan who was executed by the Mughal ruler Jahangir. After his father's death, Guru Hargobind added the martial element to Sikhism which was until then a religion mainly focused on Spirituality. But at this point the need for self defence was felt. Hence Guru Hargobind started recruiting an army which he called "Risaldari", after training his men in cavalry and Sikh Martial Arts. He adopted Royal symbols like wearing "kalgidhari turban" and keeping bodyguards. Along with that he asked his followers to gift him horses and weaponry instead of anything else. So the 6th Guru at one point managed to command 700 cavalry and with this might his Risaldari fought several small scale battles in 1620s and 1630s against Shahjahan's forces and some other warlords in Poadh and Majha. The tenth and the last Guru, Guru Gobind Singh organized Sikhs into a military sect called Khalsa (means "pure"), in 1699, against the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. Before his death in 1708, he sent Banda Bahadur to lead the Sikhs of Punjab. Banda Bahadur through his outstanding leadership skills weakened the Mughal grasp over India. But he was later captured and beheaded in Delhi in 1716, during the reign of Farrukhsiyar.
Thereafter, Sikhs became leaderless and were divided into Misls. Although their martial skills were enormous, their political disunity made them vulnerable to foreign attacks. In 1738, Nadir Shah of Iran, attacked India , looted Delhi and Mughals were never able to recover their power in Punjab. Later, Punjab was subject to constant invasions of Ahmad Shah Durrani of Afghanistan, who upon hearing of the persecution of Muslims of Punjab by the invading Sikhs, took it as his duty to protect the Muslims. During every invasion of Abdali, defeated the Sikhs. According to some the scene outside the holy shrine of Harmandir Sahib was the scene of one of these battles.
Abdali tried many times to recover Lahore but ultimately had to return to Pashtun territories. After his final invasion of Punjab in 1767, he left Lahore which was when it was re-captured by the Sikhs. For more than three decades, Sikhs consolidated their power in areas of Punjab. But the decisive moment came in 1790, when Ranjit Singh of Sukerchakia misl became misldar. He started uniting misls and finally took Lahore in 1799. His coronation on 12 April 1801 marked the beginning of the Sikh Empire, which went on to conquer the whole Punjab, Kangra, parts of Kashmir and briefly, the city of Peshawar.Battles fought by Sikhs
Battle of Rohilla (1621)
Battle of Kartarpur (1635)
Battle of Amritsar (1634)
Battle of Lahira (1634)
Battle of Bhangani (1688)
Battle of Nadaun (1691)
Battle of Guler (1696)
Battle of Basoli (1702)
Battle of Anandpur (1700)
Battle of Nirmohgarh (1702)
Battle of Anandpur (1701)
First Battle of Chamkaur (1702)
First Battle of Anandpur (1704)
Second Battle of Anandpur (1704)
Battle of Sarsa (1704)
Second Battle of Chamkaur (1704)
Battle of Muktsar[1][2][3][4][5](1705)
Battle of Sonepat (1709)
Battle of Ambala
Battle of Kapuri (1709)
Battle of Samana (1709)
Battle of Chappar Chiri[3] (1710)
Battle of Sadhaura (1710)
Battle of Rahon (1710)
Battle of Lohgarh (1710)
Battle of Jalalabad (1710)
Battle of Jammu (1712)
Siege of Gurdaspur or Battle of Gurdas Nangal (1715)
Attack on Nadir Shah (1739)[6]
Killing Massa Ranghar
Killing Jaspat Rai[7][8]
Siege of Amritsar (1748)
Killing Salabat Khan[9]
Siege of Ram Rauni
Battle of Amritsar (1757)
Battle of Lahore (1759)
Battle of Sialkot (1761)
Battle of Gujranwala (1761)
Sikh Occupation of Lahore[10] (1761)
Vadda Ghalughara or Battle of Kup
Battle of Harnaulgarh (1762)
Skirmish of Amritsar (1762)
Battle of Sialkot (1763)
Battle of Sirhind (1764)
Capture of Delhi and Red Fort (1783)[11]
Battle of Amritsar (1797)
Battle of Gujrat (1797)
Battle of Amritsar (1798)
Battle of Kasur
Battle of Jammu (1808)
Gurkha-Sikh War(1809)
Battle of Attock (1813)
Battle of Multan (1818)
Battle of Shopian (1819)
Battle of Balakot (1831)
Battle of Peshawar (1834)
Battle of Jamrud (1837)
Sino-Sikh War (1841-1842)
Battle of Mudki (1845)
Battle of Ferozeshah (1845)
Battle of Baddowal (1846)
Battle of Aliwal (1846)
Battle of Sobraon (1846)
Battle of Chillianwala (1849)
Battle of Ramnagar (1848)
Siege of Multan (1848-1849)
Battle of Gujrat (1849)
Battle of Saragarhi (1897)
Battle Of Amritsar (1984)
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