investigatory project on uses of microbes
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Microorganisms and its uses
1. Production of dairy products:
microorganisms in yogurt
Bacteria are the key players here. Bacteria help in fermentation which helps in making different forms of dairy products from milk like curd, buttermilk, butter, cheese. Streptococcus is the most common genus of bacteria that are used in the commercial production of this product.
Learn more about Disease-Causing Microorganisms here in detail.
2. Bread Baking:
A species of Streptococcus is added to the dough before making bread to bring about the required fermentation.
3. Alcoholic Drinks:
Alcoholic drinks are prepared or manufactured by the process of fermentation. Each drink is derived from a different starting product such as potato and grapes. Then it is fermented, distilled and alcohol is prepared. The commonly used microorganism here is different types of fungus like yeast. Some even use bacteria and fungus. Alcoholic drinks include wine, rum, vodka etc.
4. Organic acids:
Organic acids are commercially prepared using fungi. Acetobacter, Rhizopus, Penicillium are a few fungi that are used to ferment substrates such as fruits and sugar-containing syrups. Examples of acids that are derived and manufactured on a large scale using fungi are acetic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, fumaric acid and lactic acid.
5. Enzymes:
Many microbes are used in the derivation of enzymes such as lipase, lactase, protease, peptidase to name a few.
6. Steroid production:
Some bacterial and fungal species are used in the preparation of steroids that are then injected into the human body for different purposes.
7. Help in sewage treatment:
Not only are microorganisms helpful to our body, they are also helpful to the environment. They help in the secondary treatment stage of sewage treatment.
8. Used as insecticides:
Certain bacterial and fungal species are used to keep certain insects and pests away from crops.
9. Fertility of soil:
Microorganisms play a very important role in maintaining the fertility of the soil. They help in the composting process which forms manure. Also, microorganisms present in the soil help aerate it and enrich the soil with nitrates and other nutrients. These nutrients are needed by the crops for an abundant harvest.