Question

ionization energy of chlorine well explained

Answer 1

Answer:

Electron Affinity and Electronegativity of Chlorine

Electron Affinity of Chlorine is 349 kJ/mol

Electronegativity of Chlorine is 3.16.

Electron Affinity

In chemistry and atomic physics, the electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as:

the change in energy (in kJ/mole) of a neutral atom or molecule (in the gaseous phase) when an electron is added to the atom to form a negative ion.

X + e– → X– + energy        Affinity = – ∆H

In other words, it can be expressed as the neutral atom’s likelihood of gaining an electron. Note that, ionization energies measure the tendency of a neutral atom to resist the loss of electrons. Electron affinities are more difficult to measure than ionization energies.

An atom of Chlorine in the gas phase, for example, gives off energy when it gains an electron to form an ion of Chlorine.

Cl + e– → Cl–        – ∆H = Affinity = 349 kJ/mol

To use electron affinities properly, it is essential to keep track of sign. When an electron is added to a neutral atom, energy is released. This affinity is known as the first electron affinity and these energies are negative. By convention, the negative sign shows a release of energy. However, more energy is required to add an electron to a negative ion which overwhelms any the release of energy from the electron attachment process. This affinity is known as the second electron affinity and these energies are positive.

Explanation:

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