Question

IP is a connection-less protocol, whereas TCP is connection-oriented. How can these two protocols coexist in the same protocol stack

Answer 1

Answer: TCP is connection oriented and IP is connection less. But TCP is a transport layer protocol and connection oriented here means that it would take care of congestion control and order of delivery, reliable delivery. It would just make sure that packets are being transmitted between two processes. It does not care which path the packet follows as transport layer does not deal with routes and paths. That is the job of internet protocol.

IP is connection less and it means that it may forward packets on different paths/routes on basis of availability and congestion. It is concerned about data delivery between end systems. It treats each packet differently and does not care whether the packet reach the destination or not. 

For reliable delivery here TCP will take care, if the packet is not acknowledged to TCP, it will re transmit the packet.

Let me give you an example in nontechnical terms. 

You placed an order online, and you live in a place where there is no proper transport or roads. 

And yet, the parcel/courier service company delivers your package. 

Here, the parcel/courier service is like a TCP, and the road/transport system to your place is an IP.

The upper layers of OSI (TCP) depends on the services provided by the lower layers (IP).

The lower layers of OSI (IP) depends on the upper layers (TCP) for guaranteed delivery of data. 

Sometimes, both TCP and IP works together in overcoming the congested networks, like the ECN flags in IP header.

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Explanation:

Answer 2

IP is internet protocol viz a numerical labelled address assigned to devices connected to network.TCP is transmission control panel viz used to maintain logical connection at the level of transport to assure error free message is received and in the same order as send by the sender.

Both TCP and IP has two main protocol:TCP(connection service) and UDM(Connection-less service).