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Answer:
Uniform acceleration: When the change in the velocity of a moving body is the same in each second then its acceleration is said to be uniform. Such motion is said to be uniformly accelerated motion or uniform motion.
Non-Uniform acceleration: When the change in velocity of a moving body is not the same in each second then its acceleration is said to be non-uniform acceleration. Such motion is called non-uniform motion.
The equation of motions from the velocity-time graph:
The velocity-time graph for a body under uniform acceleration is shown in the figure.
Let initial velocity of the body = u
The final velocity of the body = v
Time is taken by the body = t
Acceleration of the body = a
Derivation of the first equation of motion:
According to the definition,
Acceleration of a body = Rate of change of velocity i.e. slope of the velocity-time graph.
The velocity-time graph for a uniformly accelerated body is given by the straight line AB. So, acceleration of the body is equal to the slope of the line AB.
Acceleration = Slope of line AB =ADBD=ADBC−DC
From the velocity time graph,
BC=v,DC=OA=u,AD=OC=t
Then, a⇒tv−u⇒at=v−u⇒v=u+at
⇒ First equation of motion
Derivation of the second equation of motion
Under the uniform acceleration, from the figure, one can write
Distance travelled (s) = Area of trapezium OABC
S = Area of the triangle ABD + Area of rectangle OADC
=21×AD×BD+OC×OA
Here, AD=OC=t
and BD=BC−DC=v−u
BD=u+at−u=at and OA=u
∴s=21×t×at+t×u⇒s=ut+21at2
This is second equation of motion.
Derivation of third equation of motion
Distance travelled, s = Area of the trapezium OABC