______ is an economic activity, expressed in monetary
terms, that is capable of changing the financial position of an enterprise. what is it?
Answers
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe National Council of Educational Research and Training acknowledges the valuablecontribution of the individuals and organisations involved in the development of Physics Textbookfor Class XII. The Council also acknowledges the valuable contribution of the following academicsfor reviewing and refining the manuscripts of this book:Anu Venugopalan, Lecturer, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, GGSIP University, Delhi; A.K.Das, PGT, St. Xavier’s Senior Secondary School, Delhi; Bharati Kukkal, PGT, Kendriya Vidyalaya,Pushp Vihar, New Delhi; D.A. Desai, Lecturer (Retd.), Ruparel College, Mumbai; Devendra Kumar,PGT, Rajkiya Pratibha Vikas Vidyalaya, Yamuna Vihar, Delhi; I.K. Gogia, PGT, Kendriya Vidyalaya,Gole Market, New Delhi; K.C. Sharma, Reader, Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Ajmer;M.K. Nandy, Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati;M.N. Bapat, Reader, Regional Institute of Education (NCERT), Mysore; R. Bhattacharjee, Asstt.Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,Guwahati; R.S. Das, Vice-Principal (Retd.), Balwant Ray Mehta Senior Secondary School, LajpatNagar, New Delhi; Sangeeta D. Gadre, Reader, Kirori Mal College, Delhi; Suresh Kumar, PGT, DelhiPublic School, Dwarka, New Delhi; Sushma Jaireth, Reader, Department of Women’s Studies, NCERT,New Delhi; Shyama Rath, Reader, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi,Delhi; Yashu Kumar, PGT, Kulachi Hans Raj Model School, Ashok Vihar, Delhi.The Council also gratefully acknowledges the valuable contribution of the following academicsfor the editing and finalisation of this book: B.B. Tripathi, Professor (Retd.), Department of Physics,Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi; Dipan K. Ghosh, Professor, Department of Physics,Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai; Dipanjan Mitra, Scientist, National Centre for RadioAstrophysics (TIFR), Pune; G.K. Mehta, Raja Ramanna Fellow, Inter-University Accelerator Centre,New Delhi; G.S. Visweswaran, Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute ofTechnology, New Delhi; H.C. Kandpal, Head, Optical Radiation Standards, National PhysicalLaboratory, New Delhi; H.S. Mani, Raja Ramanna Fellow, Institute of Mathematical Sciences,Chennai; K. Thyagarajan, Professor, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, NewDelhi; P.C. Vinod Kumar, Professor, Department of Physics, Sardar Patel University, VallabhVidyanagar, Gujarat; S. Annapoorni, Professor, Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Universityof Delhi, Delhi; S.C. Dutta Roy, Emeritus Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, IndianInstitute of Technology, New Delhi; S.D. Joglekar, Professor, Department of Physics, Indian Instituteof Technology, Kanpur; V. Sundara Raja, Professor, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati.The Council also acknowledges the valuable contributions of the following academics forrefining the text in 2017: A.K. Srivastava, Assistant Professor, DESM, NCERT, New Delhi; ArnabSen, Assistant Professor, NERIE, Shillong; L.S. Chauhan, Assistant Professor, RIE, Bhopal;O.N. Awasthi, Professor (Retd.), RIE, Bhopal; Rachna Garg, Professor, DESM, NCERT, NewDelhi; Raman Namboodiri, Assistant Professor, RIE, Mysuru; R.R. Koireng, Assistant Professor,DCS, NCERT, New Delhi; Shashi Prabha, Professor, DESM, NCERT, New Delhi; and S.V. Sharma,Professor, RIE, Ajmer.Special thanks are due to Hukum Singh, Professor and Head, DESM, NCERT for his support.The Council also acknowledges the support provided by the APC office and the administrativestaff of the DESM; Deepak Kapoor, Incharge, Computer Station; Inder Kumar, DTP Operator;Mohd. Qamar Tabrez and Hari Darshan Lodhi Copy Editor; Rishi Pal Singh, Sr. Proof Reader,NCERT and Ashima Srivastava, Proof Reader in shaping this book.The contributions of the Publication Department in bringing out this book are also dulyacknowledged.2019-20