Question

is oxygen magnetic? pls answer fast

Answer 1

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molecular oxygen (O2 is paramagnetic and is attracted to is paramagnetic and is attracted to the magnet. In contrast, molecular nitrogen, N2, has no unpaired electrons and is diamagnetic; it is therefore unaffected by the magnet.

Answer 2

Answer:

iI'm a physicist, so apologies if the answer below is in a foreign language; but this was too interesting of a problem to pass up. I'm going to focus on a particular question: If we have oxygen and nothing else in a box, how strong does the magnetic field need to be to concentrate the gas in a region? The TL;DR is that thermal effects are going to make this idea basically impossible.

The force on a magnetic dipole m⃗ is F⃗ =∇⃗ (m⃗ ⋅B⃗ ), where B⃗ is the magnetic field. Let us assume that the dipole moment of the oxygen molecule is proportional to the magnetic field at that point: m⃗ =αB⃗ , where α is what we might call the "molecular magnetic susceptibility." Then we have F⃗ =∇⃗ (αB⃗ ⋅B⃗ ). But potential energy is given by F⃗ =−∇⃗ U; which implies that an oxygen molecule moving in a magnetic field acts as though it has a potential energy U(r⃗ )=−αB2.

Now, if we're talking about a sample of gas at a temperature T, then the density of the oxygen molecules in equilibrium will be proportional to the Boltzmann factor:

ρ(r⃗ )∝e−U(r⃗ )/kT=e−αB2/kT

In the limit where kT≫αB2, this exponent will be close to zero, and the density will not vary significantly from point to point in the sample. To get a significant difference in the density of oxygen from point to point, we have to have αB2≳kT; in other words, the magnetic potential energy must comparable to (or greater than) the thermal energy of the molecules, or otherwise random thermal motions will cause the oxygen to diffuse out of the region of higher magnetic field.

So how high does this have to be? The α we have defined above is approximately related to the molar magnetic susceptibility by χmol≈μ0NAα; and so we have1

χmolB2≳μ0RT

and so we must have

B≳μ0RTχmol−−−−−−√.

If you believe Wikipedia, the molar susceptibility of oxygen gas is 4.3×10−8 m3/mol; and plugging in the numbers, we get a requirement for a magnetic field of

B≳258 T.

This is over five times stronger than the strongest continuous magnetic fields ever produced, and 25–100 times stronger than most MRI machines. Even at 91 Kelvin (just above the boiling point of oxygen), you would need a magnetic field of almost 150 T; still well out of range.

1 I'm making an assumption here that the gas is sufficiently diffuse that we can ignore the magnetic interactions between the molecules. A better approximation could be found by using a magnetic analog of the Clausius-Mossotti relation; and if the gas gets sufficiently dense, then all bets are off

Explanation:

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