Question

Is the formula of work done in thermodynamics dW= - (external pressure)×dV also valid for liquids and solids???

Answer 1

No , it's not valid for solids and liquids.

Answer 2

Answer:

here is your answer

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Explanation:

=w=−P

external

×ΔVstart text, w, o, r, k, end text, equals, start text, w, end text, equals, minus, start text, P, end text, start subscript, start text, e, x, t, e, r, n, a, l, end text, end subscript, times, delta, start text, V, end text

where \text P_{\text{external}}P

external

start text, P, end text, start subscript, start text, e, x, t, e, r, n, a, l, end text, end subscript is the external pressure (as opposed to the pressure of the gas in the system) and \Delta \text VΔVdelta, start text, V, end text is the change in the volume of the gas, which can be calculated from the initial and final volume of the gas:

\Delta \text V=\text V_{\text {final}}-\text V_{\text {initial}}ΔV=V

final

−V

initial

delta, start text, V, end text, equals, start text, V, end text, start subscript, start text, f, i, n, a, l, end text, end subscript, minus, start text, V, end text, start subscript, start text, i, n, i, t, i, a, l, end text, end subscript

Since work is energy, it has units of Joules (where 1\,\text J= 1\,\dfrac {\text {kg} \cdot \text m^2}{\text s^2}1J=1

s

2

kg⋅m

2

1, start text, J, end text, equals, 1, start fraction, start text, k, g, end text, dot, start text, m, end text, squared, divided by, start text, s, end text, squared, end fraction). You may also see other units used, such as atmospheres for pressure and liters for volume, resulting in \text L \cdot \text{atm}L⋅atmstart text, L, end text, dot, start text, a, t, m, end text as the unit for work. We can convert \text L \cdot \text{atm}L⋅atmstart text, L, end text, dot, start text, a, t, m, end text to convert to Joules using the conversion factor of \dfrac{101.325\,\text J}{1\,\text L\cdot \text{atm}}

1L⋅atm

101.325J

start fraction, 101, point, 325, start text, J, end text, divided by, 1, start text, L, end text, dot, start text, a, t, m, end text, end fraction.