Ishaan tested the nature of a few common substances with different indicators and
recorded his observations as follows:
Substance P turned methyl orange yellow.
• Substance Q turned phenolphthalein colorless.
• Substance R did not have any effect on blue or red litmus.
• Substance S turned china rose indicator green.
• Substance L used to prevent tooth decay, turned red litmus blue.
Identify P, Q, R, S, L and give one example of each.
Answers
Answer:
A plant is nature’s gift as they provide us with the food, oxygen, shelter, clothing, etc. They are also known as universal or primary producers. Like all other living things, plant respire, grow, develop, excrete and reproduce. All higher plants reproduce by fertilization. Fertilization in flowering plants was discovered by Ralph B. Strasburger in the year 1884. Let us have a brief discussion on fertilization.
Fertilization in Plants
What is Fertilization?
In plants, fertilization is a process of sexual reproduction, which occurs after pollination and germination.
Fertilization can be defined as the fusion of the male gametes (pollen) with the female gametes (ovum) to form a diploid zygote. It is a physicochemical process which occurs after the pollination of the carpel. The complete series of this process takes place in the zygote to develop into a seed.
In the fertilization process, flowers play a significant role as they are the reproductive structures of angiosperms (flowering plants). The method of fertilization in plants occurs when gametes in haploid conditions fuse to produce a diploid zygote.
In the course of fertilization, male gametes get transferred into the female reproductive organs through pollinators (honey bees, birds, bats, butterflies, flower beetles) and the final product will be the formation of the embryo in a seed.
Fertilization Process
Fertilization Process
In flowers, the pollen grain germinates after the pollination of the carpel and grows into the style by creating the pathway for the pollen grain to move down to the ovary.
The pollen tube opens into the ovule through the micropyle and bursts into the embryo sac. Here, the male nucleus unites with the nucleus of an egg inside the ovule forming a diploid zygote, which later swells up and develops into a fruit.
Also Read: Post Fertilization in Plants
Types of Fertilization
Fertilization process can be grouped into three types and are classified mainly based on the entry of the pollen tube into the ovule.
Porogamy
It is the common type of fertilization carried out in all angiosperms or flowering plants. In this type of fertilization, the pollen tube enters the ovule through the micropyle.
Chalazogamy
This type of fertilization is carried out on all Casuarina species of plants. In this condition, the pollen tube enters the ovule through the pollen tube.
Mesogamy
This type of fertilization is seen in all Cucurbit plants, such as pumpkin, ridge gourds, bitter gourd and other gourd plants. In this type of fertilization, the pollen tube enters the ovule through its middle part or through the integuments of the ovule.
Double Fertilization
Double fertilization is a process of fertilization characterized by the fusion of a female gametophyte with two male gametes. In this mechanism, one sperm cell fuses with the egg-producing zygote, and the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to make the endosperm. All angiosperm plants undergo double fertilization process.
Test your Knowledge on Fertilization In
Answer:
• Lime water is basic in nature hence, it turns methyle orange yellow.
• Apple juice contains malic acid hence, it turns phenolphthalein colorless.
• Sugar solution is neutral hence, it has no effect on litmus solution.
• Saliva is basic in nature hence, it turns China rose indicator green.
Explanation:
i hope it will be helpful,
answer of 5th I don't know