Isotopic effect in electrophilic substitution reaction
Answers
Answer:
effects of hydrogen isotopes in aromatic substitution reactions. Many electrophilic and some homolytic substitutions of aromatic hydrogen have been investigated using substrates, containing deuterium or tritium atoms. Only three applications of hydrogen isotope effects to nucleophilic substitutions of hydrogen are known, but in one investigation sulfur isotope effects has been useful for nucleophilic aromatic substitutions of groups other than hydrogen.
Explanation:
demonstrates the discovery of an isotope effect in an aromatic substitution. In the discussion of the correlation between kinetics and mechanism of a multi-step reaction, this chapter uses the term “rate-determining” for the sum of all steps, which contribute to the value of the overall, experimentally measurable rate constant, rate-limiting for the last step whose rate constant appears in the kinetic equation. The chapter concludes by emphasizing that the rate-limiting step is not necessarily the slowest step of the reaction.