Question

It is difficult to imagine life before our personal and professional worlds

were so dominated and “switched on” via smartphones and the other

devices that make us accessible and, crucially, so easily distractible and

interruptible every second of the day. This constant fragmentation of our

time and concentration has become the new normal, to which we have

adapted with ease, but there is a downside: more and more experts aretelling us that these interruptions and distractions have eroded our

ability to concentrate. With our heavy use of digital media, it could be

said that we have taken multitasking to new heights, but we’re not

actually multitasking; rather, we are switching rapidly between different

activities.

It would seem then that this physiological adaptation, fostered by our

behaviour, is a predominant reason for the poor concentration so many

people report. The fact that we are the cause of this is, paradoxically,

good news since it hands back to us the potential to change our

behaviour and reclaim the brain function and cognitive health that’s been

disrupted by our digitally enhanced lives. And this may even be more

important than just improving our levels of concentration. Constant, high

levels of circulating stress hormones have an inflammatory and

detrimental effect on brain cells, suggests the psychiatrist Edward

Bullmore, who has written about the link between inflammation and

depression in his latest book, The Inflamed Mind. Depression, along with

anxiety, is a known factor in knocking out concentration.

Put simply, better concentration makes life easier and less stressful and

we will be more productive. To make this change means reflecting on

what we are doing to sabotage personal concentration, and then

implementing steps towards behavioural change that will improve our

chances of concentrating better. This means deliberately reducing

distractions and being more self-disciplined about our use of social

media, which are increasingly urgent for the sake of our cognitive and

mental health.

It takes about three weeks for a repeating behaviour to form a habit, says

Jeremy Dean, a psychologist and the author of Making Habits, Breaking

Habits. Getting into a new habit will not happen overnight and

adaptation can be incremental. Start by switching off smartphone alerts,

or taking social media apps off your phone, then switching off the device

for increasingly long periods.

Practise concentration by finding things to do that specifically engage

you for a period of time to the exclusion of everything else. What is

noticeable is that you cannot just go from a state of distraction to one of

concentration, in the same way that most of us cannot fall asleep the

minute our head hits the pillow. It takes a bit of time and, with practice,

becomes easier to accomplish.
On the basis of your understanding of the above passage, make notes on

it using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations

(Wherever necessary-minimum four) and a format you consider suitable.

Also supply an appropriate title to it. 5 M

(b) Write a summary of the passage in about 50 words​

Answer 1

Answer:

sorry I didn't know the sum