It is fundamental and sacred duty of every Indian citizen to......
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Originally the following 10 Fundamental Duties were given vide the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution of India, under Article 51 A, in the year 1976:-
It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to:
Abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem;
Cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom;
Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
Defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;
Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women;
Value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
Protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;
Develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;
Safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement;
In the year 2002 vide the 86th Amendment the following was added as the 11th Duty of the Indian Citizen.
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