It is now believed that proton and neutrons are themselves built out of more elementary units called quarks. A proton and a neutron consists of three quarks each. Two types of quarks the so called ‘up’ quark (denoted by u) of charge and the down quark (denoted by d) of charge , together with electrons build up ordinary matter. The possible quark composition of a proton and neutron are respectively
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For instance, quarks (which make up the protons and neutrons inside atoms) come in six flavors: up, down, top, bottom, strange and charm. Particles called leptons, a category that includes electrons, also come in six flavors, each with a different mass.
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