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Write an experiment to study budding in yeast and Hydra and binary fission in amoeba
Answers
Explanation: 1)Budding is an asexual mode of producing new organisms. In this process, a new organism is developed from a small part of the parent’s body. A bud which is formed detaches to develop into a new organism. The newly developed organism remains attached as it grows further. It is separated from the parent organism when it gets matured by leaving scar tissues behind. As this is an asexual reproduction, the newly developed organism is a replica of the parent and is genetically identical.
For reproduction, Hydra uses regenerative cells where a bud expands as an outgrowth because of repeated cell division at one specific location. These buds then developed into new small individuals which when completely matured, detach from the parent body.
For example- Both hydra and yeast reproduce by the process of Budding.
2) Hydra is exclusively a freshwater organism having different species. It is very small, just a half centimeter long. It is a cnidarian having a tubular body which is composed of a head, distal end and a foot at the end.
Budding in hydra involves a small bud which is developed from its parent hydra through the repeated mitotic division of its cells. The small bud then receives its nutrition from the parent hydra and grows healthy. Growth starts by developing small tentacles and the mouth. Finally, the small newly produced hydra gets separate from its parent hydra and becomes an independent organism.
Examples of Budding
Budding is a type of asexual reproduction, which is most commonly associated in both multicellular and unicellular organisms. Bacteria, yeast, corals, flatworms, Jellyfish and sea anemones are some animal species which reproduce through budding.Yeasts are non-green, eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms belonging to the kingdom fungus. They are generally larger than the bacteria and they typically measure 3-4 µm in diameter. Yeast cells reproduce asexually by an asymmetric division process called budding.
3) In yeast, budding usually occurs during the abundant supply of nutrition. In this process of reproduction, a small bud arises as an outgrowth of the parent body. Later the nucleus of the parent yeast is separated into two parts and one of the nuclei shifts into the bud. The newly created bud divides and grows into a new cell.
Objective:
To study budding in yeast with the help of prepared permanent slides.
Apparatus and Materials Required: yeast in budding, and a compound microscope.
Theory:
Reproduction is one of the basic characteristics of a living organism. An organism reproduces to produce more of its own kind. Reproduction may be either asexual or sexual.
The type of reproduction that takes place without gametes forming is called asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is the type of reproduction in which both the male and female gametes are involved.
Asexual reproduction is common in lower plants and some lower animals. It is a process of rapid multiplication in which the new organisms produced are genetically identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction is common in higher plants and most animals. The organisms produced by this method are not genetically identical to the parents.
Asexual reproduction may be of various types such as binary fission, multiple fission, budding, fragmentation, sporulation and vegetative propagation.
Procedure:
1. Observe each permanent slide first under the low-power magnification and then under the high-power magnification of a compound microscope.
2. Draw diagrams and compare their features.
Observations:
1. In this type of asexual reproduction, bulblike projections called buds arise from the parent body.
2. Mature yeast cells are larger, and spherical or oval in shape.
3. One or more bulblike projections (buds) arise from the cell membrane.
4. The nucleus of the parent cell divides and one of the daughter nuclei passes into the bud.
5. The bud is finally separated from the parent body and grows into a new individual.
6. The parent’s identity is maintained in budding.
Result:
The prepared slide show asexual reproduction in which only one individual is involved in the production of new individuals.
Precautions:
1. Focus the slides properly.
2. Study the slides first under low-power magnification and then under high-power magnification of the compound microscope.
3. Draw diagrams as seen under the microscope.