its urgent plz....summary for the lesson socialism in europe and russian revolution
Answers
Liberals: Liberals wanted a change in the society. They wanted toleration towards all religions. They opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals. They favoured a representative, elected parliamentary government. However, some of the liberal ideas were not democratic. They did not believe in universal adult franchise and wanted the voting rights only for men with property.
Radicals: Radicals also wanted a change in the society. The radicals were in favour of women’s suffragate movement. They opposed the privileges of wealthy landowners and factory owners. They were not against private property but opposed the concentration of property in a few hands.
Industrial Society and Social Change
Industrialization resulted in a large number of people working in factories. Work hours were usually long and the workers were getting poor wages. Unemployment was quite common. As towns were growing rapidly, there were problems of housing and were property owners and employers. They wanted the benefit of industrialization .Some liberals and radicals wanted revolutions which could end all kind of governments established in Europe in 1815.
The Coming of Socialism to Europe
Socialism was a radical idea which was based on abolition of private properties and projected a dream of freedom
Support for Socialism
Socialist ideas spread through Europe by the 1870s. An international body; called Second International was formed to coordinate these efforts.
They demanded reduced working hours and the voting rights. These associations worked closely with the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in Germany and helped it in winning the parliamentary seats. Similarly, a Labour Party was formed in Britain and a Socialist Party was formed in France by 1905. However, till 1914, the socialists did not succeed in forming a government in Europe.
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
The fall of monarchy in February 1917 and the subsequent events of October are normally called the Russian Revolution.
The Russian Empire in 1914
In 1914, Russia and its empire was ruled by Tsar Nicholas II. The Russian empire included modern-day Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, parts of Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. It stretched to the Pacific and comprised modern day Central Asian states, as well as Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Orthodox Christianity was the majority religion in Russia but Catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists also lived in the Russian Empire.
Economy and Society
At the beginning of the twentieth century, about 85% of the Russian empire’s population was dependent on agriculture. Industry was found in some pockets; like St. Petersburg and Moscow. Much of the production was done by craftsmen but large factories also existed. Most of the factories were set up in the 1890s. This was the period when Russia’s railway network was extended and foreign investment in industry increased.
Workers: The workers were divided into different social groups. Some of them had strong links with their ancestral villages.
In spite of divisions, the workers often united to strike work whenever there was some issue related to dismissals or work conditions. Such strikes frequently took place in the textiles industry during 1896-1897, and in the metal industry during 1902.
Peasants: In villages, the peasants cultivated most of the land, but large properties were owned by the nobility, the crown and the Orthodox Church. Nobles enjoyed their power and position because of their services to the Tsar
A Turbulent Time: The 1905 Revolution
The Tsar was not answerable to parliament. The liberals in Russia; along with the Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries; worked with peasants and workers during the revolution of 1905 to demand a constitution. They were also supported in the empire by nationalists and by jadidists (in Muslim dominated areas). The jadidists wanted modernized Islam in their lives.
1904 was a bad year for Russian workers. Prices of essential goods arose so quickly that real wages declined by 20 percent. The membership of workers’ associations increased dramatically. The Assembly of Russian Workers was formed in 1904. When four of its members were dismissed at the Putilov Iron Works, there was a call for industrial action. Over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on strike within a few days. They were demanding an eight hour work-schedule, increase in wages and improved working conditions.
I can write only some of starting as it won't take much characters.
Pls mark me as brainliest ...!!