IUPAC nomenclature
Answers
In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a method of organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published in the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (informally called the Blue Book).
Answer:
Explanation:
IUPAC rules for naming only alkane
Longest chain rule
Select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms, which is regarded as parent chain & is given the name of parent hydrocarbon.
If two chains of equal number of carbon atoms is identified, choose the one with maximum number of substituents (side chains) as parent chain.
Lowest number rule
Number the carbon atoms from the end that is nearest to the point of branching. The number which indicates the position of substituent is called locant.
The sum of all the locants should be the lowest.
Identify the substituents
Assign number to each substituents according to its position on the parent chain.
If two substituents are present on same carbon atom, assign them same number.
There should be as many numbers in the name as there are substituents.
Write the name as single word.
While writing the name, use hyphens to separate locant & alkyl groups and commas to separate numbers.
If two or more substituents are present, write them in alphabetical order.
For identical substituents, use prefixes such as di, tri, tetra etc. However, these prefixes should not be alphabetized.
If two different substituents are located at equivalent positions from the teo ends of the parent chain, the numbering is done in such a way that the alkyl group which comes first in alphabetical order gets the lowest number.
IUPAC rules for naming organic compounds having functional groups
First give appropriate prefix & suffix to the functional groups
Groups>C=C<−C≡C−−X−OH−CHO>C=O−OR−COOH−COO−R−NH2−C≡N−NO2—prefix—−—−—halo−—hydroxy−—formyl−—oxo−—alkoxy−—carboxy−—−—amino−—cyano−—nitro−suffix−ene−yne−−ol−al−one−−oicacid−oate−amine−nitrile−
Now, the longest carbon chain is numbered from the end which is nearest to the functional group. Using the appropriate number of functional group, the complete name is written.
In case of polyfunctional compounds, one of the function group is choosen as the principle functional group & the compound is named on that basis. The remaining functional groups are named as substituents using appropriate prefixes. We use following priority in choosing principle functional group
−COOH,−COOR,−CONH2,−CN,−CHO,>C=O,−OH,−NH2,>C=C<,−C≡C−
If two or more functional groups are of same type, they are indicated by using terminology di, tri etc. In such case, full name of parent alkane is written