Question

iv. Amount of energy released during conversion of an atom into anion.
V. The energy required to convert an atom into cation.​

Answer 1

Answer:

iv = The reactions in which anion is formed are mostly exothermic.

v = The reactions in which catiin are formed are all endothermic.

Answer 2

Amount of energy released during conversion of an atom into anion is called electron affinity.

The energy required to convert an atom into cation is Ionization energy.

Electron affinity:

• The amount of energy released when an electron binds to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to produce an anion is known as the electron affinity of an atom or molecule.
• When one electron is added to a neutral atom to create a negatively charged ion, a certain amount of energy is released. This is known as electron affinity in chemistry.
• Only a few chemical elements, primarily the halogens, have values available since it is difficult to determine the affinities of atom's electrons.
• Atomic size and nuclear charge are two factors that influence electron affinity.
• Electron affinities grow with increasing atomic radii.
• Electron affinities increase with nuclear charge.
• It increases during the course of a period and decreases down a group.

Ionization energy:

• The ionization energy measures an element's ability to participate in chemical processes that call for the creation of ions or the donation of electrons.
• It is often connected to the type of chemical bonds that exist between the components in the compounds they form.
• For neutral atoms, the ionization energy is positive, indicating that it is an endothermic process.

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