(iv)Long Answer Type Questions
29. What are "food producers' and food consumers? Give one example of each type
30. What is meant by 'herbivores' ? Write the names of five herbivores.
31. What are 'carnivores' ? Give five examples of carnivores.
32. What are 'omnivores" ? Write the names of five omnivores.
33. Describe the process of making sprouts from moong (green gram).
34. Name the insects which make honey. How do they make honey
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29. Producers create food for themselves and also provide energy for the rest of the ecosystem. Any green plant, like a tree or grass, as well as algae and chemosynthetic bacteria, can be producers. Consumers are organisms that need to eat to obtain energy. Primary consumers, such as deer and rabbits, eat only producers.
30. Herbivores are animals that only eat plants. ... Herbivores (such as deer, cow. zebra. hippopotamus. buffalo.elephants, horses) have teeth that are adapted to grind vegetable tissue. Many animals that eat fruit and leaves sometimes eat other parts of plants, for example roots and seeds. Usually, such animals cannot digest meat.
31. A carnivore is an animal that gets food from killing and eating other animals. Carnivores generally eat herbivores, but can eat omnivores, and occasionally other carnivores. The most recognized ones are tigers, cheetahs, lions, eagles, and hyenas.
32. Omnivores are those animals, that can eat a variety of food sources, but tend to prefer one type to another. Examples are Bears, coatis, civets, hedgehogs The hominidae, including humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans, are also omnivores.
33. Sprouting Green Gram With a Container
1
Wash the beans thoroughly. Begin by pouring out the volume of green gram you want into a fine colander or sieve. You need to wash the beans thoroughly before you try to sprout them. Rinse them in water three or four times to make sure that they are completely clean.
If you are making a sprouted green gram salad, you should use about 1 cup of green gram per person.
So if you are making a salad to serve two, sprout 2 cups of the beans.
You will be able to buy the beans from local grocery and health food stores.
2
Soak the beans in distilled water. Once you have thoroughly washed the beans you need to place them into a bowl and cover them with water. The water should completely cover the beans, with the beans about an inch below the surface of the water.
Do not use tap water for this. Soak the beans in water that has been boiled and then cooled to ensure it contains no contaminants.
Leave the beans to soak for at least seven or eight hours. You might want to leave them overnight.
After you have soaked the beans, put them in a sieve or colander and rinse them thoroughly until the water runs clear.
Place the beans in a container with a lid. Transfer your beans to a clean and dry container that you can close. After putting the beans in, close the lid and place the container somewhere warm. Leave them again for seven or eight hours, or overnight. After a day check them to see if they have sprouted.
If you leave them overnight you will most likely find the beans sprouting in the morning.
If the beans haven't sprouted after a day, rinse them and drain them before returning them to the container.
Most mung beans will sprout within 24 hours. If it takes longer than two days for the beans to sprout, then don't eat them raw. Cook before using.
4
Rinse them before consumption. Once your green gram has sprouted nicely they are ready to eat in whatever way you like. Be sure you rinse them thoroughly again before you eat them, especially if you are having them raw in a salad.
Green gram is often used in Indian cuisine as a base for dal, curry, and salads. You can also make a delicious Haleem stew with mutton and green gram. In Filipino cuisine, green gram is eaten with sautéed meat, garlic, onions and bay leaves. In Indonesia, green gram is made into a dessert by cooking the beans with sugar, coconut milk, and ginger.
34. Bees are the insects which produce honey. Bees produce honey from the sugary secretions of plants (floral nectar) or from secretions of other insects (such as honeydew), by regurgitation, enzymatic activity, and water evaporation. ... Honey is collected from wild bee colonies, or from hives of domesticated bees, a practice known as beekeeping or apiculture. When they have a full load, they fly back to the hive. There, they pass it on through their mouths to other worker bees who chew it for about half an hour. It's passed from bee to bee, until it gradually turns into honey. Then the bees store it in honeycomb cells, which are like tiny jars made of wax.
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29. Food producers :
Producers are organisms that make their own food; they are also known as autotrophs. They get energy from chemicals or the sun, and with the help of water, convert that energy into useable energy in the form of sugar, or food. The most common example of a producer are plants. Through a process called photosynthesis, green plants use sunlight and water and make a type of sugar called glucose. Green plants such as trees are found on land, but they can also exist underwater as long as there is enough sunlight.
Although algae look like a plant, they're actually a special kind of single-celled organism called a protist. A protist's cellular structure is different from a plant's, but it can still make its own food and, therefore, it is a producer. Algae and its relatives can be found in aquatic ecosystems.
Surprisingly, single-celled bacteria can also be producers. Located deep below the ocean surface are areas that get little to no sunlight. Green plants can't survive there, since they are unable make food without sunlight. But, single-celled bacteria use a process to make food called chemiosynthesis, which involves taking chemicals expelled from hydrothermal vents deep in the ocean and converting them into the same type of food that plants make.
The food producers create food for themselves in order to grow and reproduce. However, plants also serve as food for the rest of the ecosystem, the consumers.
Food consumers :
Consumers are organisms that need to eat (i.e. consume) food to obtain their energy. These organisms are called heterotrophs, meaning they must eat something else (hetero) as food. When we think of things eating for energy, our minds probably drift to animals, like birds, cats, or insects. These are all examples of consumers, but there are other lesser-known ones as well.
Fungi, or mushrooms, may look like plants, but they are actually heterotrophs. They extend tiny tubes into other living or dead organisms and literally suck the nutrients right out of them! The mold that you see on strawberries is actually a fungus. It's eating the strawberries as they rest on your counter.
Single-celled organisms can also be consumers. The amoeba is just a single cell, but it chases after other microscopic prey, engulfing it for food. Bacteria in the soil act as decomposers, consuming dead material and breaking it down to be recycled back into the food chain.
30. Herbivores are those animals which feed on plants only are known as herbivores. example : goat, sheep,yak, buffalo,etc.
31. Carnivores are animals that prey on other animals in order to survive. The meat is the most essential part of their diet. They have physical features that allow them to efficiently hunt, capture and devour their target.
Some of the deadliest carnivorous animals are bobcats, hawks, mountain lions, red foxes, fishers, wolverines, coyotes, eagles and many more.
32. An omnivore is an organism that regularly consumes a variety of material, including plants, animals, algae, and fungi. They range in size from tiny insects like ants to large creatures—like people.
Some common mammalian omnivores include raccoons, opossums, skunks, pigs, rats, badgers, and most bear species.
34. Bees produce honey from the sugary secretions of plants (floral nectar) or from secretions of other insects (such as honeydew), by regurgitation, enzymatic activity, and water evaporation. ... Honey is collected from wild bee colonies, or from hives of domesticated bees, a practice known as beekeeping or apiculture.