Question

Jabriya according to muslim philosophy

Answer 1

During the early years of Islam, theological discussions

revolved around of number of separate issues. As the

discussion of the question of qadar appeared at the time of the

prophet. The question of qadar gave rise to much discussion as

to whether people have free will or are under compulsion.

The two schools of early kalam, Jabriya and Qadariya

contemplated over this problem and based their doctrines of

Jabr and Qadr by drawing substance from the Quran itself.

Jabr is a doctrine that denies that a deed is in reality to

be attributed to man, and ascribes it to God.  

Shahristani has divided "Jabriya" into two groups:

1. "the pure Jabriya who do not allow any deed at all to

man, not even the power to act;

2. the moderate Jabriya who admit that man has power,

but maintain that it is a power which is no way

effective".

The three groups of Jabriyah are as follows:

1. The Jahmiya: The Jahmiya were the followers of Jahm b. Safwan and adherents of pure determinism, who declared

that "a man does not have power over anything, nor can he be

said have capacity (to act)

2. The najjariya : The Najjariya were the followers of Husain b. Muhammad

al-Najjar, whose views were adopted by most of the Mutazilah

in the district of al-Rayy. The Najjariya maintained that God is

the creator of all man's actions, good and bad, right and

wrong, man on his part acquires these deeds.

3. Dirariya : This groups are the followers of Dirar b. Amr and Hafs alFard.

They held that man's deeds are in reality created by God

and man in reality acquires them. Thus it is possible for an act

to be produced by two agents.