Question

jallian wala bagh massacre explain.

Answer 1

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919 when troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer fired machine guns into a crowd of Baishakhi pilgrims, who had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab. The civilians, in the majority Sikhs, had assembled to participate in the annual Baisakhicelebrations, a religious and cultural festival for Punjabi people and also to condemn the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satya Pal and Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew. Coming from outside the city, many may have been unaware of the imposition of martial law.
The Jallianwalla Bagh is a public garden of 6 to 7 acres (28,000 m2), walled on all sides with five entrances.To enter, troops first blocked the entry by a tank and locked the exit. On Dyer's orders, his troops fired on the crowd for ten minutes, directing their bullets largely towards the few open gates through which people were trying to flee. The British government released figures stating 379-1,000 dead and 1,200 wounded.Other sources place the number of dead at well over 1,000. This "brutality stunned the entire nation", resulting in a "wrenching loss of faith" of the general public in the intentions of the UK.The ineffective inquiry and the initial accolades for Dyer by the House of Lords fuelled widespread anger, leading to the Non-cooperation Movement of 1920–22.

On Sunday, 13 April 1919, Dyer was convinced of a major insurrection and he banned all meetings; however this notice was not widely disseminated. That was the day of Baisakhi, the main Sikh festival, and many villagers had gathered in the Bagh. On hearing that a meeting had assembled at Jallianwala Bagh, Dyer went with Sikh, Gurkha, Baluchi, Rajput troops from 2-9th Gurkhas, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Sind Riflesto a raised bank and ordered them to shoot at the crowd. Dyer continued the firing for about ten minutes, until the ammunition supply was almost exhausted. Dyer stated that 1,650 rounds had been fired, a number apparently derived by counting empty cartridge cases picked up by the troops.Official British Indian sources gave a figure of 379 identified dead, with approximately 1,100 wounded. The casualty number estimated by the Indian National Congress was more than 1,500 injured, with approximately 1,000 dead.

Dyer was initially lauded by conservative forces in the empire, but in July 1920 he was censured and forced to retire by the House of Commons.He became a celebrated hero in the UK among most of the people connected to the British Raj,for example, the House of Lords,but unpopular in the House of Commons, which voted against Dyer[clarification needed] twice.Among his prominent supporters, Nobel Literature Prizewinner Rudyard Kipling called Dyer "the man who saved India" and initiated collections for his homecoming prize.The massacre caused a re-evaluation of the army's role, in which the new policy became minimum force. The army was retrained and developed less violent tactics for crowd control. Some historians consider the episode a decisive step towards the end of British rule in India

Answer 2

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In 1919, in response of the civil disobedience movement, the Britishers imposed Martial Law in Amritsar and General Dyer took the power.

Jallian Wala Bagh massacre happened on 13th April 1919.

A number of people had assembled at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar for attending the annual Baisakhi fair.

General dial surrounding the park and open fire on the crowd, killing hundreds of people.

Aftermath :-

Crowds took to the streets in many North Indian towns strikes in clashes happened with the police and attacks on government buildings were extensively witnessed.

The violence forced Gandhi to stop the movement .

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