judiciary is responsible for punishing the wrong doers and safeguarding the rights of innocents plz give the answer in 200 words
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that those who commit certain kinds of wrongful acts, paradigmatically serious crimes, morally deserve to suffer a proportionate punishment;
that it is intrinsically morally good—good without reference to any other goods that might arise—if some legitimate punisher gives them the punishment they deserve; and
that it is morally impermissible intentionally to punish the innocent or to inflict disproportionately large punishments on wrongdoers.
The idea of retributive justice has played a dominant role in theorizing about punishment over the past few decades, but many features of it—especially the notions of desert and proportionality, the normative status of suffering, and the ultimate justification for retribution—remain contested and problematic.
1. The Appeal of Retributive Justice
2. Background Concepts
2.1 Punishment
2.2 The relevant kinds of wrongs
3. Range of Meanings and Uses
3.1 Etymological meaning of retributivism
3.2 Positive retributivism
3.3 Negative retributivism
3.4 Limiting retributivism
3.5 Communicative retributivism
3.6 Lex talionis: Payback as response in kind
3.7 Retrospective criminal justice
3.8 Sublimated vengeance
4. Range of issues
4.1 Desert
4.1.1 The desert subject
4.1.2 The desert object
4.1.3 The desert basis
4.2 Who may punish?
4.3 Moral puzzles of suffering
4.3.1 The variable normative valence of suffering
4.3.2 Suffering in the abstract versus suffering through punishment
4.3.3 Subjective suffering versus measures expected to cause suffering
4.4 Proportionality
4.5 Strength of retributive reasons
4.6 Retributive consequentialism versus retributive deontology
5. The Question of Justification
5.1 Conformity with our considered judgments
5.2 Fairness and free riding
5.3 Vindicating victims by defeating wrongdoers
5.4 Communication theories
6. Conclusion:
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