Question

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Answer 1

Answer:

A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. Most organisms that create their offspring using sexual reproduction have two sexes. Occasionally, there are hermaphrodites in place of one or both sexes

sex determination:

• The process of determining the sex of an individual, based on the composition of the genetic material is called sex determination.
• In different animals, sex of an embryo is determined by different factors.
• In humans, sex determination happens on the basis of the presence or absence of Y chromosome.
• XX is female and XY is male
• An ovum always contains X chromosome.
• An ovum, upon fusion with Y containing sperm, gives rise to a male child and upon fusion with X containing sperm gives rise to a girl child.

Traits:

Traits are characteristic features of an organism, manifested in a physical form that is visible or in a physiological aspect of the organism.

Acquired characters:

• The traits that are acquired by an organism over the period of its lifetime are termed as acquired characters.
• These characters may or may not get transferred to the next generation.

Inherited characters:

• The traits that are inherited from the parents are called inherited characters.
• These traits always get transferred to the next generation, but depending on the dominance or recessiveness it may or may not be expressed.
• Examples are height, skin colour and eye colour.

Variation:

Genetic variations

The differences in the DNA sequences among every organism leading to the diverse gene pool are called genetic variations. These differences lead to different/varied physical characters or biochemical pathways.

natural phenomena:

• It is the phenomenon by which a favourable trait in a population of a species is selected.
• Changing natural conditions exert equal pressure on all the existing species.
• The species/organisms which are better adapted to the changing conditions survive and reproduce i.e. selected by nature and species/organisms which cannot adapt perish i.e. rejected by nature.

Explanation:

The explanation lies in the fact that all human

chromosomes are not paired. Most human chromosomes have a maternal and a paternal copy, and we have 22 such pairs. But one pair, called the sex chromosomes, is odd in not always being a perfect pair. Women have a perfect pair of sex chromosomes, both called X. But men have a mismatched pair in which one is a normal-sized X while the other is a short one called Y. So women are XX, while men are XY.

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Answer 2

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