Justify giving 1 reason that pteridophytes are evolutionary more advanced than the bryophyte. Enlist 5hw salient features of prothallus.
Answers
1. Pteridophytes are better known as the 'Vascular Cryptogams' because they possess vascular tissue for the conduction of water and food material. They occupy an intermediate position between Bryophytes and Phanerogams (seed plants). Bryophytes and Pteridophytes are evolutionarily related and they show many similarities.
2. Pteridophytes are non flowering plants (Cryptogams)...
Pteridophytes include Club mosses , horsetails , ferns etc....
➡These are first terrestrial plants to posses vascular tissue....
➡The main plant body of pteridophytes is sporophyte.It is differentiated into true roots,stem and leaves...
➡Pteridophytes are commonly called as Vascular cryptogams....
➡Roots are adventitious and stem is underground rhizome...
➡The leaves of pteridophytes are small(Microphylls)as in selaginella or large folds (macrophylls) as in ferns...
➡ Ferns show circinate vernation and the petioles are covered with brown multicellular hairs called Ramenta....
➡The stele may be prostele or siphonostele or solenostele...
➡One of the important characters of pteridophytes is that the sporophyte and Gametophyte are independent where as sporophyte is dominant,long lived whereas the gametophyte is reduced and short lived....
➡ Gametophyte is small , Short lived and it is produced from Haploid spores known as Prothallus....
➡ Sporophyte of the plant may be homosporous (all spores are similar) or heterosporous (Two different types of spores) i.e. microspores and megaspores...
➡Prothallus (gametophyte) are monoecious or dioecious...
➡Sex organs are Antheridia and Archegonia ,they are sessile....
➡Male gametes are Antherozoids formed from Antheridia...Antherozoids are uninucleate,spirally coiled ,biflagellate or multiflagellate structures....
➡ Union of male and female gametes results in Diploid zygote...Zygote develops into embryo...
Hope this helps you ;)
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