justify how avogadro's hypothesis is accordance with dalton's atomic theory
Answers
Explanation:
Let’s think about it in successive steps forward the solution seeking help within our past experiences and in some common sense to seek the solution. Probably (much probably) this is not the most satisfying way to attain the solving the question, but it will suffice in some minor pedagogically way of thinking.
Avogadro’s hypothesis says the following
equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules
(Avogadro's law )
This is a boldly statement. All gases will behave like that, irrespective the type of gas.
At that time it began to take more definitive form the theory that asserts that the gases would be composed of very small particles, the atoms.
And the Avogadro’s hypothesis, or Avogadro’s law is a relation of the amount of substance within a given closed vessel and the volume , given constant pressure and temperature.
The experiments that Avogadro made were result in a mathematically precise form:
[math]\frac{V}{n} = k{/math}
given fixed values of temperature and pression and
where
V is the volume in equilibrium of the mass of gas
n is the amount of substance (measured in moles; and
k is a given constant
the fact that Avogadro discovered is that k is independent of the gas nature. And if this is true, we can call (in modern nomenclature) that all gases have the same molar volume.
What the meaning of that?
It means that the nature of the gas, whichever it was, resulted in a same functional dependence of volume is the same.
The most simple model that could result in this fact is a gas composed by molecules that:
Have no individual volume at all - they are in this model point particles, like mathematical points
Shows no interaction between them, except for the case of direct colision between them (despite the fact that point particles colision would be extremely unlikely since point particles would ocupy a zero volume which is incomensurable to the nonzero finite volume ocupied by the gas.
This kind of affairs are, obviously, not possible, and the model fails when one consider high pressures and/or low temperatures.
If gases (and other physical states) were compound of no finite parts,(i.e, rather being made of infinity ‘number’ of infinitesimals) there were no prefered model to explain that. Matter would be a continuous kind of jelly or something esoterical based on continuum mechanics that, albeit being very succesful in describe solids and liquids in terms of pressure, tension and other mechanical properties.