Justify the statement . "Mitochondria are power houses of the cell" .
Write point wise please .
Answers
Explanation:
1)Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell.2) They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell. 3)The biochemical processes of the cell are known as cellular respiration....
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Answer:
1) All the energy required for 'life' process is obtained by oxidation of some macromolecules that we call 'food' .
2) Cellular respiration or the mechanism of breakdown of food materials within the cell to release energy , and the trapping of this energy for synthesis of ATP .
3) The breakdown of complex molecules (food) to yield energy takes place in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria (only in eukaryotes) .
4) The breaking of C-C bonds of complex compounds through oxidation within the cells , leading to release of considerable amount of energy is called respiration .
5) The compounds that are oxidised during this process are known as respiratory problems substrates .
6) Usually carbohydrates are oxidised to release energy , but proteins , fats and even organic acids can be used as respiratory substances in some plants , under certain condition .
7) During oxidation within a cell , all the contained in respiratory substrates is not released free into the cell , or in a single step .
8) It is released in a series of slow step wise reactions controlled by enzymes , and it is trapped as chemical energy to in thr form of ATP .
9) The energy released by oxidation in respiration is not used directly but is used to synthesise ATP , which is broken down whenever energy needs to be utilised . Hence , ATP acts as the energy currency of the cell .
10) This energy trapped in ATP is utilised in various energy requiring processes of the Organisms , and the carbon skeleton produced during respiration is used as precursors for biosynthesis of other molecules in thr cell .
11) NADH + H+ and FADH2 are generated in the Kreb's cycle .
12) NADH + H+ synthesised during glycolysis are used to synthesise ATP .
13) This is accomplished through a system of electron carries called electron transport system located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria .
14) The electrons , as they move through the system , release enough energy that are trapped to synthesise ATP . This is called oxidative phosphorylation .
15) A dominant role for the mitochondria is the production of ATP , as reflected by the large number of enzymes in the inner membrane for this task . This is done by oxidzing the major products of glucose , pyruvate and NADH , which are produced in the cytosol . This process of cellular respiration also known as aerobic respiration , is dependent on the pressure of oxygen . The production of ATP from glucose has an approximately 13-times higher yield during aerobic respiration compared to fermentation .
16) ATP synthase is an important enzyme that provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ) . It is termed from adenosine diphosphate ( ADP ) and inorganic phosphate ( Pi ) , and needs energy .
17) ATP synthase consists of 2 regions .
a) The Fo portion is within the membrane .
b) The F1 portion of the ATP synthase is above the membrane , inside the matrix of the mitochondria .
18) Mitochondria are miniature biochemical factories where food stuffs or respiratory substrates are completely oxidised to carbon-dioxide and water .
19) The energy liberated in the process is initially stored in the form of reduced coenzymes and reduced prosthetic groups .
20) The latter soon undergo oxidation and form energy rich ATP . ATP comes out of mitochondria and helps to perform various energy requiring processes of the cell like muscle contraction , nerve impulse conduction , biosynthesis , membrane transport , cell division , movement , etc .
Because of the formation of ATP , thr mitochondria are called power houses of the cell .