Question

Jute is mainly obtained from two species of the genus corchorus which belongs to the family

Answer 1

publish.csiro.au
The current and potential contribution of asymbiotic nitrogen fixation to nitrogen requirements on farms: a review

IR Kennedy, N Islam
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41 (3), 447-457, 2001
Significant levels of biological nitrogen fixation from sources other than nodulated legumes have become a tantalizing prospect for decades. Since the benefit to agriculture of nitrogen fixation from nodulated legumes was established, there have been widespread efforts to promote the use of various asymbiotic diazotrophic bacteria to fix extra nitrogen in soil. Despite much optimism by scientists and farmers, this prospect remains to be realised. Recently, the prospect has been pursued with renewed enthusiasm and several commercialised products have appeared. What are the reasons for this fresh enthusiasm? Are the new products based on realistic assessments of their biological potential? Why has it taken so long to advance to a stage where there is still only limited evidence that verifies hope becoming reality? This review assesses the current contribution from asymbiotic nitrogen fixation and re-assesses the prospects for greater contributions from this source. Among the many aspects of this multi-faceted subject that will be considered are: (i) the range of free-living microbial strains currently contributing to signficant asymbiotic nitrogen fixation; (ii) the significance of nitrogen-fixing microbes naturally associated with plants; (iii) the significance of endophytic systems and their role in sugarcane and other Gramineae; (iv) the possibility of extending this range by introducing new strains or discovering new systems capable of contributing additional nitrogen fixation. The case will be made that conditions providing a sustainable contribution for more than a short time are usually missing in such systems so that spontaneous biological nitrogen fixation is usually transient. It will be argued further that if all the positive factors controlling spontaneity at the biothermodynamic level are exploited, significant biological nitrogen fixation may soon be achieved in some of these systems on farms.
View at publish.csiro.au
Cited by 92
Related articles
All 2 versions
Biochar decreases dissolved organic carbon but not nitrate leaching in relation to vinasse application in a Brazilian sugarcane soil

Angela Joy Eykelbosh, Mark S Johnson, Eduardo Guimarães Couto
Journal of environmental management 149, 9-16, 2015
Objectives Sugarcane cultivation is associated with catchment-wide impacts related to application of vinasse, a nutrient-dense effluent with high eutrophication potential. We evaluated the potential for biochar (charcoal produced from pyrolyzed filtercake) to mitigate carbon and nutrient leaching in a cultivated Brazilian Ferralsol after vinasse application. Methods Twelve soil columns (soil alone [S], soil with vinasse [SV], soil with vinasse and biochar [SVB], and soil with biochar [SB]) were flushed with water and then treated with …
View at sciencedirect.com
[PDF] ubc.ca
Cited by 39
Related articles
All 9 versions
link.springer.com
Cytogenetics of modern sugar canes

Sam Price
Economic Botany 17 (2), 97-106, 1963
Modern sugar cane varieties are derived from interspecific crosses involving as many as four species. Because a chromosome increase accompanies certain crosses and backcrosses, modern varieties have very high aneuploid chromosome numbers and complicated genetics. Despite this complexity, the chromosome behavior of some modern varieties approaches that of allopolyploids. In achieving homozygosity, therefore, such varieties should respond to inbreeding almost like diploids.
The meiotic chromosome behavior of F1 hybrids and modern varieties indicates little or no genetic exchange between chromosomes ofSaccharum officinarum andS. spontaneum. Irradiation may break linkages between desirable and undesirableS. spontaneum genes not ordinarily broken by crossing-over between the chromosomes of the two species.
The quick success of nobilizingS. spontaneum (recurrently back-crossing to “noble canes”) depends on a peculiar increase of the chromosomes ofS. officinarum. Experience with nobilizingS. spontaneum should not make breeders impatient when they turn to interspecific crosses unaccompanied by chromosome increases.

Answer 2

A mango is a juicy stone fruit produced from numerous species of tropical trees belonging to the flowering plant genus Mangifera, cultivated mostly for their edible fruit. Most of these species are found in nature as wild mangoes. The genus belongs to the cashew family Anacardiaceae.