key words of proteins
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Building blocks of the body..
Answer:
Amino acid
An organic compound that contains both an amino group and an acid/carboxyl group. They are monomers of protein molecules.
Amine group NH2
Functional group found in amino acids. It consists of one atom of nitrogen attached by covalent bonds to two atoms of hydrogen, leaving a lone valence electron on the nitrogen which is available for bonding to another atom.
Carboxyl group -COOH
Functional group found in amino acids. It consists of a carbon atom joined by covalent bonds to two oxygen atoms, one of which in turn is covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom. One valence electron on the carbon is available for bonding to another atom so that the carboxyl group can form part of a larger molecule.
Collagen
An insoluble fibrous protein of vertebrates that is the chief constituent of the fibrils of connective tissue (as in skin and tendons) and of the organic substance of bones.
Condensation reaction
A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called dehydration reaction.
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
Dipeptide
A molecule consisting of two amino acids bonded by a peptide bond
Disulphide bridge / bond
The S-S linkage, i.e. between two sulphur atoms that forms during the cross-linking of amino acids during protein synthesis.
Fibrous protein
A protein with a relatively long, thin structure, which is insoluble in water and metabolically inactive, often having a structural role within the organism.
Globular protein
Proteins with relatively spherical molecules, soluble in water, often having metabolic roles in organisms.
Haemoglobin
A soluble globular protein consisting of 4 polypeptide chains and 4 haem groups that transports oxygen around the bloodstream
Hydrogen bond
A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.
Hydrolysis
A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers.
Hydrophobic
"Water-fearing"; pertaining to nonpolar molecules (or parts of molecules) that do not dissolve in water.
Hydrophillic
"Water loving"; it refers to substances that are made of polar molecules like water
Ionic bond
The attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Monomer
The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.
Peptide bond
The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
Polypeptide
A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
Polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
Primary structure
The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain.
Protein
An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
Quaternary structure
The fourth level of protein structure; the shape resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits.
R-group
The side chain; differences in R group constitute the differences in amino acids and therefore the diversity in proteins
Secondary structure
The localized, repetitive coiling or folding of the backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bond formation between amino acids.
Tertiary structure
Irregular contortions of a protein molecule due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges.
Alpha helix
A spiral shape constituting one form of the secondary structure of proteins, arising from a specific hydrogen-bonding structure.
Beta pleated sheet
One form of the secondary structure of proteins in which the polypeptide chain folds back and forth, or where two regions of the chain lie parallel to each other and are held together by hydrogen bonds.