kisanon ke Prati Sarkar ki jimmedari kya hai
Answers
Answer Under the Seventh Schedule-State List (Article 246), state governments are responsible for ‘Agriculture, including agricultural education & research, protection against pests and prevention of plant diseases’ (no 14), ‘Water, that is to say, water supplies, irrigation and canals, drainage and embankments, water storage and water power to subject to the provision of entry 56 in List I’, (no 17), ‘Land, that is to say, right in or over land, land tenures including the relation of landlord and tenant, and the collection of rents, transfer and alienation of agricultural land; land improvement and agricultural loans; colonisation’ (no 18), ‘Money-lending and money-lenders; relief of agricultural indebtedness’ (no 30), ‘Land revenue, including the assessment & collection of revenue, the maintenance of land records, survey for revenue purposes and records of rights, and alienation of revenues’ (no 45), ‘Taxes on agricultural income’ (no 46), ‘Duties in respect of agricultural land’ (no 47), ‘Taxes on entry of goods into a local area for consumption, use or sale therein’ (no 52).Arising from the above, state responsibility includes building irrigation canals, water conservation, promoting drip irrigation, providing and pricing of electricity, maintenance of land title records, land leasing rules for contract farming, markets in which farmers can sell, levy of mandi taxes, monitoring use of pesticides and management of Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs).
Conversely, the central government decides minimum support prices for wheat and rice, declares MSP for others, pricing of fertilisers and subsidy, international trade policy, maintenance of buffer food stocks, quantum and pricing of farm credit.
“The Essential Commodities Act empowers the central and state governments concurrently to control production, supply and distribution of certain commodities in view of rising prices.” (Business Standard.)
To know why agriculture is a state subject, we need to go back in time. The separation was first made by the Government of India Act 1935 (passed by the British Parliament). This was debated and confirmed in the Constitution Assembly.