लोकतंत्र टकरावों को कैसे बेहतर तरीके से सुलझाता है? कुछ उदाहरण देकर बताइए
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Answer:
Democratic political processes regulate
competition among groups with conflicting
preferences. Although much of the
competition occurs peacefully within
existing political institutions, democratic
practices can also facilitate the resolution of
intense conflict when the political system is
challenged from within by groups fighting
against the established government, and
when it is challenged from without and on the
brink of interstate war. This chapter provides
an overview of the scholarly literature
linking democracy to peace and conflict
resolution, including pertinent theoretical
propositions and the balance of evidence
generated by empirical researchers. The
promise of peace associated with civil liberty,
political openness, and the foreign policies
of democratic states has long figured into the
writings of moral and political philosophers,
perhaps most notably in Immanuel Kant’s
essay Perpetual Peace, published in 1795.
But the burgeoning academic literature in
recent decades is largely the product of
social scientific research, much (but not
all) of which is built upon the analysis of
large quantitative data sets. Our primary
focus, then, is what social science, and in
particular political science, tells us about
the relationship between democracy, conflict
resolution, and peace between and within
states.
DEMOCRACY AND CONFLICT
BETWEEN STATES
The realist school of thought in international
relations, which greatly influenced both
scholarship and policymaking during the
cold war, maintains that state behavior is
primarily driven by the balance of power
among rivals in the international system
(Morgenthau 1948; Waltz 1979; Mearsheimer
2001). Realists assume that states resemble
unitary rational actors in pursuit of a single
overriding objective: survival and security in
an anarchic system. The strenuous demands
of the international system lead all states
to behave in a similar fashion regard-
less of their particular political institutions,
economic structure, ideological orientation