Labour productivity in higher in private sector in hindi in
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Over the last few months, a heated debate has taken place as to whether India is creating enough jobs at a time when 16 million Indians are reaching working age every year. Official statistics suggests probably not.
Labour Bureau data suggest that just seven million jobs were created during 2011-15. What this disguises is that India’s labour market is undergoing a structural change as it moves from a farm economy to a non-farm one. Employment in farm seems to have shrunk by around26 million during 2011-15, while nonfarm jobs, in construction, trade, hospitality and transportation sectors, appear to have risen by 33 million.
There are issues with the data themselves. But there is a broader, vital issue being overlooked in this debate. It is time to focus not just on whether jobs are being created, but what sort of jobs. A new emphasis on ‘gainful employment’ is needed.
Gainful employment covers a range of issues beyond net new jobs: the quantity and type of work done by people already in employment, growth in labour productivity, higher earnings, and the quality of working conditions (safety, cleanliness, flexibility, income rararrarsecurity and intellectual challenge). It is a more holistic way of thinking about employment in a country like India, given its stage of development. It is encouraging to see a growing number of stimuli to more gainful employment.
One such stimulus comes from GoI’s increased public investment in infrastructure, including roads, railways, power, housing, healthcare and education. This spending is creating work opportunities for an estimated seven million workers, at wages 70% higher than for average farm workers. Beyond these jobs, investment in improving electricity and roads infrastructure has second-order productivity benefits.
For instance, by accelerating the shift from farm to non-farm economy in some of India’s poorest states.
Second are the continuing hiring practices of India’s information technology (IT) and business process outsourcing (BPO) sectors — even as they implement some automation technologies to raise productivity. These sectors have remained net job creators. Industry estimates show that companies could hire up to three million more workers by 2025, although finding that many workers with the skills to meet changing needs could prove challenging...
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